Indian classical music was broadly based on two traditions,
the
Hindustani classical music prevalent in North India
and
the Carnatic music of
South India.
HINDUSTANI CLASSICAL MUSIC
Hindustani
classical music may be traced back to the period of the Delhi Sultanate and to
Amir Khusrau (AD 1253-1325) who encouraged the practice of musical performance
with
particular instruments.
(He is believed to have invented the sitar and the tabla
and is
said
to have introduced new ragas.)
Different styles of Hindustani music are
Dhrupad, Dhamar, Thumri, Khayal and Tappa.
CARNATIC
MUSIC
The compositions in Carnatic music may be attributed collectively
to three composers who lived between AD 1700 and 1850.
They were
Shyam Shastri,
Thyagaraja and
Mutthuswami Dikshitar.
The three great
musicians experimented with new forms. Some notable musicians of this period
are
Maha Vaidyanath Ayyar (1844-93),
Patnam Subrahmanya Ayyar (l854-1902) and
Ramnad Srinivasa lyengar (l860-1919).
Flute, veena, nadaswaram, mridangam,
ghatam are some of the instruments to accompany Carnatic music.
the Carnatic alapana is
similar to alap in Hindustani
classical both lay stress on talam.
MODERN
INDIAN MUSIC
With the British rule came Western music. Indians adopted
some of their instruments such as violin and clarinet to suit the demands of
Indian music.
Orchestration of music on stage is a new development. Use of
cassettes replaced oral transmission of tunes and ragas..
FOLK MUSIC
Besides classical music India has a rich legacy of folk or
popular music. This music represents the emotion of the masses. The simple
songs are composed to mark every event in life. They may be festivals, advent
of a new season, marriage or birth of a child. Folk songs have their special meanings or messages.
They often describe historical events and important rituals.
Muslims sing Sojkhwani or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZmtypVN0uc
mournful songs during Muharram and
Christmas
carols and choral music are sung in groups on the festive occasions.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSUFzC6_fp8
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