(i)Studio: The
radio studio is a room where radio programmes are recorded. For producing a
radio programme, you need a ‘sound proof’ studio where human voice can be
recorded or broadcast in the best manner.
(ii)Microphones:, we use a microphone For our
voice to be recorded in a studio. They amplify or in other words,increase the
volume of our voice.When we think of radio, the microphone is the most
important element using which we present our programme. There are basically
three types of microphones and they are known by their directivity.
(a)
Uni-directional microphone : As the name suggests, this microphone picks up
sound from one direction. In a radio studio, the announcers, presenters and
newsreaders use this type of a microphone. A microphone is very sensitive and
you need to use it carefully. You should be at the right distance from it when
you speak. Otherwise, your voice will not sound good. Even if you turn a paper
or breathe heavily, the microphone will pick up that sound and your programme
or your voice will be affected.
(b)
Bi-directional microphone:- Here again as the name (bi) suggests, the voice or
sound is picked up from two directions. It is a better device to recording an
interview in a radio studio.
(c)
Omni-directional microphone:. Omni-directional microphone, it picks up sound
from all directions. This type of microphone is used when a number of voices
are used in a single programme like a radio discussion or a radio drama.
A small
microphone which is called a lapel
microphone, and clipped on the
collar. This is which is actually a uni-directional microphone. These
microphones are not normally used in radio.
Then there are long microphones called gun microphones used in
sports production. These microphones are often omni directional ones.
There are also cordless microphones. We
might have seen them being used in stage shows. They do not have any cables or
wires attached to them. They have a small transmitter in them which can send
the sounds to an amplifier.
(iii) Sound effects : Sound
effects in a radio programme give meaning and sense of location. It adds
realism to a programme and helps a listener to use imagination. Sound effects
can be used in two ways:
(a) spot
effects or effects that are created as we speak and
(b) recorded
sound effects. s.
(iv) Music : Music is the soul of radio. It is used in different ways
on radio as already discussed in the earlier lesson. Film songs and classical
music programmes are independent programmes on radio.
Music is also
used as signature tunes
or theme music of various radio programmes.
Let us see what
music does to any programme.
a. Music adds colour and life to any spoken word programme.
b. Music can break monotony.
c. Music is
used to give the desired
effect of happy or unhappy situations, fear or joy.
d. Music can
suggest scenes and locations. For example, you have to create a bright early
morning situation. This can be done by playing a pleasing note on the flute
along with the sound of chirping birds.
(v) Artificial echo
An echo is a
technical input , used in radio programmes.
(vi) Filter or distort. This sort of
effect called distort is produced using technology. Some times distort is used
along with echo. Think of someone speaking from a mine 100 feet below the
earth. To make it realisitic, distort and echo are used.
(vii)Human voice: The main
stay in any radio programme is the human voice. Think of the voice of an
announcer or newsreader on radio.
There are two aspects of the use of human
voice in radio production.
Firstly, there has to be a well written script to be spoken and then someone has to speak orread it before a microphone in a studio.
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