A camera lens

 A camera without a lens is useless to a photographer. The lens is what focuses light from what you see through the viewfinder . 

• Focal length is the measurement of distance (in millimeters) between the point of convergence of your lens and the sensor recording the image. The focal length range of a lens is expressed by a number, and that number tells you how much of the scene your camera will be able to capture. Smaller numbers have a wider angle of view and show more of the scene; larger numbers have a narrower angle of view and show less.

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• Maximum Aperture.  A lens with a wide maximum aperture is great for low light situations.

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• Depth of Field. The depth of field varies with the type of lens, due to maximum aperture.

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Basic Types of Camera Lenses

There are two basic categories of camera lenses:

1. 1. Prime lenses. A prime lens is a classic style that has been around as long as cameras have. Prime lenses have a fixed focal range, which means that you can't zoom in or out. 
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3. The main advantage of prime lenses is that they specialise in just one focal length.  Prime lenses produce much higher quality images than a zoom lens in general, but we will need to know in which situation we can use them. For example, the 50mm prime lens, otherwise known as the Nifty Fifty, is perfect for portraits, as the focal length is seen to be as close to the human eye as possible. A 35 mm prime lens, on the other hand, is usually best employed by landscape photographers.
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5. 2. Zoom lenses. Zoom lenses are one of the most common types of lens . Zooms use a series of lenses to allow different focal lengths from a single lens, making them more flexible but not as fast. They contain more glass, which aids in their flexibility, but they also tend to be bigger and heavier than prime lenses.

6. Zoom lenses are incredibly versatile,Zoom lenses have variable focal lengths, We can zoom from 70mm  to 200mm.

   While travelling we  can find zoom lenses with much more range, such as an 18 - 270 mm, allowing us to photograph both close up and in the distance. Zoom lenses have variable focal lengths.  These big lenses are found within a range of 100mm up to 600mm, sometimes even more lens that will being used by wedding photographers. 

7. For budding photographers or anyone needing to photograph in a diverse range of scenarios or conditions, there’s nothing that can really beat a good zoom range for quality and adaptability

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1. Macro Lenses
This type of camera lens is used to create very close-up, macro photographs. They have a unique design that allows them to produce sharp images at extremely close range. These lenses are great for nature photography, enabling you to capture an enormous amount of detail in one image.

2. Telephoto Lenses
Telephoto lenses are a type of zoom lens with multiple focal points. A telephoto lenses are found within a range of 100mm up to 600mm, sometimes even more.

Telephoto Lens

If a standard zoom lens isn’t quite strong enough for your needs, then the next step up is a telephoto lens. These big lenses are found within a range of 100mm up to 600mm, sometimes even more.

Telephoto lenses are bulky and may require a tripod to support them, making them nowhere near as practical as a standard zoom lens. If you are a professional wildlife photographer, sports photographer, or if you photograph the night sky and the stars, then a telephoto lens can be invaluable. 

3. Wide Angle Lenses

Wide angle lenses are ideal for fitting a large area into your frame. This is especially useful for landscape photography or street photography. With wide angle lenses, almost everything is in focus, unless our subject is very close to the lens. Wide angles have a wider focal field, allowing you to essentially capture more of the scene in front of us  than say a zoom lens. Wide-angle lenses generally have a focal length between 16 and 35mm.

4. Fisheye lens. A fisheye lens is an ultra-wide-angle lens that can take in a full 180 degree radius around it. A fisheye lens is basically an ultra-wide-angle lens, offering an enormous field of view. 

A fisheye lens is basically an ultra-wide-angle lens, offering an enormous field of view. These are more specialist lenses and aren’t generally needed by most photographers. They are useful if you are photographing indoors or using your camera for design work. An ultra-wide-angle lens can have a focal length as low as 8mm.

They are useful if you are photographing indoors or using your camera for design work. An ultra-wide-angle lens can have a focal length as low as 8mm.