Nonverbal communication is probably most easily explained in terms of the various channels through which
messages pass. The most consider channels are : (1) body,(2) face, (3) eye, (4) space, (5) artifactual, (6) touch,(7) para language, (8) silence, (9) time, and (10) smell. Kinesics is the study of nonverbal communication through face and body movements
1.Body Communication:
The body reveals ones ethnicity nationality. The weight in proportion to height the length, color, and style of hair, the general attractiveness is also a part of body communication. In body communication there are five major types of movements : emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, and adaptors
Emblems. Emblems are body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases; for example, the OK
In the United States, to say “hello” you wave with your whole hand moving from side to side, but in
a large part of Europe that same signal means “no.” In Greece such a gesture would be considered
insulting. In Texas the raised fist with little finger and index finger held upright is a positive expression of support, because it represents the Texas longhorn steer. But in Italy it’s an insult that means “Your
spouse is having an affair with someone else.” In the United States and in much of Asia, hugs are
rarely exchanged among acquaintances; but among Latins and southern Europeans, hugging is a common greeting gesture, and failing to hug someone may communicate unfriendliness.
Illustrators. We using illustrates with verbal messages they accompany. For example we
illustrate with our hands, or head and general body movements. In communication the illustrators increase our ability to remember the message.
Affect Displays. Affect displays are movements of the face ,the hands and general body that communicate emotional meaning. Often the "affect displays" are unconscious; we often smile or moving our hands and head with out our conscious awareness.
Regulators. Regulators are behaviors that monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the communication of another individual. When we nod our head,we tell the speaker to keep on speaking; when we lean forward and open our mouth, we tell the speaker that we would like to say something.
Adaptors. Adaptors are gestures that satisfy some personal need, such as moving our hair out of our eyes or rubbing our nose, or folding our arms in front of you to keep others a comfortable distance from us
2.Facial Communication
Facial movements communicates various messages seem to communicate the degree of pleasantness, agreement, and sympathy felt.The facial movements may express at least eight emotions: happiness, surprise, fear,anger, sadness, disgust, contempt, and interest Facial expressions of these emotions are generally called primary affect displays: They indicate relatively pure, single emotions. Other emotional states are called affect blends. We communicate the blended feelings with different parts of your face. For example, we may experience both fear and disgust at the same time. Our eyes and eyelids may signal fear, and movements of your nose, cheek, and mouth area may signal disgust.
Facial Management techniques enable us to communicate our feelings and help us to achieve the effect we want—- To intensify: to exaggerate our astonishment at a surprise party to make your friends feel better.
- To be intensify: to cover up our own joy about good news in the presence of a friend who didn’t receive any such news.
- To neutralize: to cover up our sadness so as not to depress others.
- To mask: to express happiness in order to cover up our disappointment
- To simulate: to express an emotion we did n’t feel.
3.Eye Communication
The direction of the eye also communicates. In U.S.culture the average length of gaze is 2.95 seconds.
The average length of mutual gaze is 1.18 seconds. When eye contact falls short of this amount, you may think the person is uninterested,shy, or preoccupied. .We are expected to glance alternately at the other person’s face, then away, then again at the face, and so on. The rule for the public speaker is to scan the entire audience, not focusing for too long on or ignoring any one area of the audience.When you break these directional rules, you communicate different meanings—abnormally high or low interest,self-consciousness, nervousness over the interaction,and so on.
Eye contact can serve a variety of functions. One such function is to seek feedback. A second function is to inform the other person that the channel of communication is open and that he or she should now speak. Eye movements may also signal the nature of a relationship, whether positive or negative The average person, for example, maintains a high level of eye contact while listening and a lower level while speaking. .
Eye Avoidance
Eye avoidance, may help others maintain their privacy.For example, when you see some friends arguing in public. We turn our eyes away it mean to intrude; I respect your privacy,” Eye avoidance can also signal lack of interest—in a person, a conversation, or some visual stimulus.
4. Space Communication
Space is an especially important factor in interpersonal communication. It can divided as (1) proxemic distances and (2) Territoriality.
I. Proxemic Distances:
proxemic distances, or spatial distances: the physical distances that define the types of relationships between people and the types of communication in which they are likely to engage .
Intimate Distance. Ranging from actual touching to 18 inches, in intimate distance the presence of
the other individual is unmistakable. Each person experiences the sound, smell, and feel of the other’s
breath.
Personal Distance. The protective “ personal space, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet is personal distance. This imaginary bubble keeps you protected and untouched by others. At the outer limit of personal distance, you can touch another person only if both of you extend your arms. This is the distance at which you conduct most of your interpersonal interactions;for example, talking with friends and family.
Social Distance. This type of communication take place at business
and social gathering, it ranging from 4 to 12 feet. In here we lose the visual detail . This distance maintain a formal appearance. In offices of high officials, the desks are positioned so the official is assured of at least this distance from clients.
Public Distance. This distance mainly for protects us from others,the public distance consider as ranges from 12 to more than 25 feet. At this distance we can take defensive action if threatened. On a public bus or train, for example, we might keep at least this distance from a drunken passenger. The specific distances that we maintain between ourselves also in case of gender women sit and stand closer to each other than do men. Similarly aged , introverts people maintain greater distances than do extroverts.
2) Territoriality.
Territory Types. Three types of territory are often distinguished: primary, secondary, and public
Primary territory This territory means our own, or our influential area where our control vested such as our desk, room, house, backyard or our home office etc. Here we can find a belonging , dominant. Here the communicator can
Secondary territories,Here the communicator is belong but associated with this location. For example, your
desk in a classroom may become a secondary territory if it is assigned to you or if you regularly occupy it and others treat it as yours. We feel a certain “ownership-like” attachment to the place, even though it’s really not yours in any legal sense. College Campus,Home Town Temple
Public territories are areas that are open to all people,such as a park, movie house, restaurant, or beach.
Territory is closely linked to status, power, and dominance. Generally, the size and location of a person’s territory communicates a person’s status and power
5. Touch Communication
The study of touch communication, technically referred to as haptics. Ttouch is consider as the most primitive form of communication . Touch is probably the first sense to be used. Even in the womb the
child is stimulated by touch. Soon after birth the child is fondled, caressed, patted, and stroked. In turn, the child explores its world through touch. In a short time the child learns to communicate many different
meanings through touch.
The Meanings of Touch: Touch communicates a wide range of messages Here are five major types of messages that will illustrate
Positive feelings. Touch communicates positive feelings; for example, support,appreciation, inclusion, interest,
immediacy, affection,trust, quality, and informality . Touch also stimulates self-disclosure
Intention to play. Touch often communicates your intention to play, either affectionately or aggressively.
Control. Touch may control the behaviors, attitudes, or feelings of other people. To obtain compliance,
for example, you touch a person to communicate, “move over,” “hurry,” “stay here,” or“do it.” You might also touch a person to gain his or her attention, as if to say, “look at me” or “look
over here.”
Ritualistic. Ritualistic touching centers on greetings and departures; examples are shaking hands to say “hello” or “good-bye,” hugging, kissing, or putting your arm around another’s shoulder when greeting or saying farewell.
Task-related. Task-related touching is associated with the performance of some function, as when you remove a speck of dust from another person’s coat, help someone out of a car, or check someone’s
forehead for fever.
Touch Avoidance
Every one have a need and desire to touch and be touched. Touch is intimate forms of communication. But or in certain circumstances we have a tendency to avoid touch from certain people.
Touch avoidance is positively related to communication apprehension. If you have a strong fear of oral communication, then you probably also have strong touch avoidance tendencies.
Touch avoidance is also high in those who self-disclose less. People who are reluctant to get close to another person by self-disclosing also seem reluctant to get close by touching.
Touch also varies with our relationship stage. In the early stages of a relationship,our touch little; in intermediate stages (involvement an intimacy), we touch a great deal; and at stable or
deteriorating stages, you again touch little
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