Television Script & Radio Script Writing

Television Script

·         Television writing is a difficult business and requires a lot of hard work.  This guide on how to write a television script .

Step 1: Watch and Read... A Lot

If we don't like to watch television, then hopefully we have the common sense not to write for TV.  Because when we're a scriptwriter, it pays to watch a lot of television. Here are some tips on what to watch and what to look for when we're watching: Don't just limit ourself to one genre or format. Watch a wide variety of shows.   

Take notes on our reactions at first. Write down what we liked and disliked as a viewer: when were we bored, when did we laugh, when did we lose interest and start flipping through a magazine. What happened right before a commercial break, and were we itching to find out what happened next.

Step 2: Pick a Genre, Any Genre

There are some rules that are true of any television show, but each genre also has its own conventions. Once we know what genre we want to write in, it's time to study that genre in depth. Do our research and if our genre requires special knowledge, start studying. For example, if you really want to write police procedurals, it's a good idea to have a passing acquaintance with police regulations.

Figure out how our idea stands out from the crowd. How is it different from the shows already on the market? We need to be able to express this in a succinct sentence or two at the most, which is called a Log line. A logline needs to differentiate us from all of the other shows on the market. It should be brief, to the point, and it should stress what's special about our show. By developing our logline first, we have a chance to hone our idea and make it as unique and compelling as possible without going completely overboard.

Step 3: Outline our Plot

Get some ideas about the standard act structure for our genre. If Rules can be broken, but we ought to have a good reason for doing it. Once we've settled on a structure, outline our story. Choose a format that works best for us: index cards, spiral bound notebooks, computer, and crayon, whatever. Write down the basic actions that will happen in each act.  Determine where the commercial breaks will lie and make sure that the action leading into the commercial is compelling enough to make viewers stay tuned.

Step 4: Develop our Characters

A good character can really make or break a TV show, and some of the best shows have the most memorable characters. Ex. Gopi Nath in Neeya Naana).  Make the most of our characters to add depth to our show. Keep a list of mannerisms, favorite phrases, and other details. Catchphrases can be very powerful tools when developing a character. Although we might spend days or even weeks working on a character background, that doesn't mean that we need to cram all of that information into the script..

Step 5: Write Like the Wind

A lot of people talk about wanting to be writers but never put their pen to paper or fingers to the keyboard. Decide how often we want to write and then stick to our schedule get it done as our goal .

Step 6: Use the Right Format  

Script formatting software is available and makes the process as easy as possible, but of course there's a cost associated with most programs. We can also hand-format. Whatever we do, make sure that we follow the conventions. Otherwise, we reduce our chances of success. The most popular programs include:

·         Celtx free software

·         Final Draft

·         Movie Magic Screenwriter

If we're determined to format by hand, we'll need a scriptwriting format book or website. We can find a lot of resources online these days. The rules are too long to list here, but here's a sample of what we'll need to do:

·         Scenes are numbered and start with what's called a slugline: the location and time of day.

·         Scenes start with FADE IN:

·         Character names are capitalized.

·         Dialogue is capitalized and double spaced.

Step 6: Revise Until Our Head Spins

·         First, we'll need to focus on the big stuff.

·         Confirm does the plot make logical sense.

·         To see whether  tension increase as the plot moves forward.

·          To find is there a satisfying resolution?

·         Are the technical details accurate? Look them up; we need to know for sure.

·         Is it the right length?

·         Do our commercial breaks hit at the right place page wise?

·         Now it's time to fine tune.

·         Tighten our dialogue.

·         Make sure every word counts. Cut out the excess.

·         Proofread for typos and grammatical mistakes.

For help with revisions, why not join a critique group or writer's group. Other writers can help, point out problems and potential solutions that we're just too close to our work to see clearly.

Conclusion

With some hard work, who knows? We could be the next Seth MacFarlane or J.J. Abrams, Jeya Mohan, Sujatha and Gracy Mohan.

Radio Script Writing

Radio is short. We have to write something that fits into a 30- or 60-second slot.  Not a lot of time or a lot of words. In that 30 or 60 seconds, we need to capture the listener's attention, absolutely no extra words allowed. Be brutal. Cut out anything we don't need. In fact, radio is where we first learned to start cutting "that" out.  Most "thats" we don't need, and nothing shows we this like radio.

Focus on writing shorter sentences and simpler sentences with use  of simple words . Vary our sentences. Start by keeping it under a general word count -- 100 words for a 30-second and 190 words for a 60-second spot.  Finished your first draft now read it. And time our self. (Those clocks on the computer desktop are great for this.)

Script should be moving. The shorter and crisper sentences and narration are necessary, and phrases made more concise. As we can imagine, writing radio has really honed our editing skills. Sentences that are too long and don't allow us to take a breath; sentences that don't flow properly; long, complicated five-dollar words that twist the tongue in a knot and much, much more.

Script should be live.We are writing for the ear. Writing for the ear is different than writing for the eye. The eye is far more forgiving. The ear is brutal. The ear catches everything .Wide vocabulary visualizes the images at great extent which help to hold the listeners firmly.

Script should be completely natural. In radio broadcast one is talking not reading. His sound should seem as natural.

Script should be market oriented. The main criterion of the script should be the need of the market. That is the script should taste good to the listeners. For this purpose script should be simple and effective.

Read More

MODEL GK QUESTIONS

1.                  . First Malayalam Movie? Vigatha Kumaran.
2. Islamic terrorists from Pakistan attacked Mumbai on? November 26, 2008.
3. India’s first mission to the Moon “Chandrayan-1” was launched on? October 22, 2008.
4. How many members are nominated by the President of India to the Indian Parliament? 14 Loksabha (2 members, i.e. two members from the Anglo-Indian community can be nominated by the President of India, if the president feels that the Anglo-Indian community is not adequately represented) Rajysabha (12 members. They are nominated by the President from people having special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art or social services.).
5. Bokaro Steel Plant is located in? Jharkhand.
6. The India Gate, the national monument of India located in? New Delhi.
7. Panchayat Raj was started in India in? 1959.
          On 2nd October 1959, Rajasthan came to be the first State to establish Panchayat Raj in India.
8. Article of the Indian constitution, which is of a temporary nature grants special status to Jammu and Kashmir? Article 370.
9. District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) initiated in India in? 1994
10. The National Flag of India is adopted in?  July 22, 1947.
11. Who is the chairman of Planning Commission?  Prime Minister.
12. World Earth Day is observed on?  April 22.  World Water Day: March 22.
13. Father of electricity?  Michael Faraday.
14. Number of corporations in Kerala? 5 (Grama Panchayth-999, Taluk-63, Municipality-53)
15. Vitamin which helps for clotting of blood? Vitamin K.
16. Study of birds is called? Ornithology
17. “Vandematharam” is written by? Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
18. Vallathol prize includes prize money of? Rs 1,11,111
19. Kundara Proclamation was in the year? 1809.
20. The boundary line between India and Pakistan is called? The Radcliff Line.
21. World Literacy Day is observed on? September 8.
22. “Yanthram” novel written by? Malayattoor Ramakrishmnan
23. Which city is known as City of Palaces? Kolkata
24. Who was the last viceroy of India?  Lord Mountbatten
25. Who discovered the circulation of the blood? William Harvey.
26. Currency of Russia? Ruble
27. First hydro electric project of Kerala state is ? Pallivasal Hydroelectric Project.
28. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of? Vitamin C.
Deficiency of Vitamin A -Night Blindness
Deficiency of Vitamin B- Beri Beri
Deficiency of Vitamin D- Rickets
Deficiency of Vitamin E- Reproduction defects.
29. The first Buddhist Council was held in?  Rajgriha (now Rajgir). It was held under the patronage of king Ajatasatru in 483 BC.
Second Buddhist Council was held in Vaisali during the period of King Kalasoka in 383 BC.
The Third Buddhist Council was held in Pataliputra in 250 BC during the reign of Ashoka
Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka. The final schism in Buddhism into the Hinayana and Mahayana sects took place during this council.
30. Old name of Myanmar? Burma.
31. Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 through which constitutional amendment? 61st amendment.(1989)
                                                     Panchayth Raj Act(73rd Amendment-1992).
32. Grand Trunk Road built by?  Shershah Suri.
33. First Indian lady to swim across the English Channel?  Arathy Saha.
34. How many countries are members of the United Nations?  192.
                          Republic of Montenegro became 192nd member state of the United Nations.
35. The words”Satyameva Jayate” have been taken from which Upanishad? Mundaka Upanishad.
36. Arya Samaj founded by?  Swami Dayananda Saraswathi.
                      Brahma Samaj-   Raja Ram Mohan Rai.
                     Prarthana Samaj- Dr. Atmaram Pandurang

37. Who started the newspaper, "New India"? Annie Besant.
38. First five year plan launched in India in? 1951(1951-1956). Agriculture was the main focus of First Five year plan.
39. Which state is known as “Garden of India”  Jammu & Kashmir
40. Kuchipudi is the classical dance of? Andra Pradesh.
41. Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in? April 13, 1919.
42. Longest National High Way of India?  NH-7 (It connects Varanasi to Cape Comorin(Kanya Kumari))
             Longest National High Way of Kerala-NH-17(It connects Panvil(Maharashtra) with Edappally(Kerala)
             Nh-47 connects Cape Comorin with Salem.
             NH-212 connects Kollegal (Karnataka) to Calicut(Kerala)

43. PH value of Blood?  7.4PH

                                                                                                             i.       value of water-7

44. Corbett National Park located in ? Uttarakhand.
45. The difference between IST(Indian Standard Time) and GMT(Greenwich Mean Time) is?5.30 hours.
46. Judges of High Court are appointed by?President.
47. Integral Coach Factory is located in ?Perambur
48. Who is known as Desa Bandhu?  C.R.Das.
                 Deena Bandhu- C.F.Andrews
                 Vanga Bandhu-Mujibur Rahman.
49. What is “Dry Ice”? Solid Carbon Dioxide.
50. Which country won the World Cup Cricket 2007 held in West Indies?  Australia. They defeated Sri Lanka in the final.

51.The National Flag adopted by the constituent assembly of India on.............Answer:- 1947 July 22
           Related Facts: Constituent Assembly of India adopted National Emblem on 1950 January 26.
52.International Airport Dum-Dum is in which state ?Ans:West Bengal.
                      Related Facts: Dum Dum Airpor is now known as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport. There are flights to all major                   cities in India. There are also international flights to London, Frankfurt, Dubai, Singapore, Bangkok, Muscat, Dhaka, etc. Now Dum Dum is a well known place in greater Kolkata.
53. Which company developed the multiplayer first person shooter computer game - Quake III Arena?  Ans : id Software
54.Which is the largest city in Goa? Ans: Vasco da Gama
55."A Mediterranean Diet is usually depicted graphically in the form of what geometrical structure?"Ans:Pyramid
56. Maharashtra's Western Expressway is? Ans: NH 8 

Read More

Science Quiz

1.The lense which is used in Photography is.......              Convex Lense
2.The Gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits?              Acetylene
3.Which is the rarest element?              Astatine
4.Magnetic field is measured by..........              Flux Meter
5.The working of a Rocket is based on the principle of ?              Newton's Law
6.The minimum volume of water is at a temperature of ..4....... Degree Celsius              

7.Light emitted by sun reaches earth in about               8 minutes
8.Electricity was invented by              Michael Faraday
9.The human heart beat per minute at an average is              72
10.Time difference between IST and GMT is              5.30hrs
11.Which country built the first nuclear power station?              Russia
12.Plaster of Paris is made from              Gypsm
13.Meningitis is a disease which affects the               Brain
14.The year in which Pluto was discovered ?              1930
15.White Coal is               Hydro-Electricity
16.Purest crystalline form of Carbon              Diamond
17.Valcanisation was conducted by              Good Year
18.What is the melting point of Diamond?              4000 Degree Celsius
19.Which of the following is not a natural polymer ?            

  (a)Cellulose              (b)Plastic              (c)Rubber              (d)Silk
              Answer:-(a)Cellulose
20.During Sleep               Blood Pressure is reduced
21.Filteration of wastes from the blood in human body is done by              Kidney
22.An astronaut in an earth satellite will observe the sky as              Black
23.The virus of AIDS affects the growth of              T cells in Blood
24.Which of the following is a semi conductor ?              (a)Copper              (b)Germanium              (c)Silver              (d)Zirconium

              Answer:-Germanium
25.A hole is made in a brass plate and it is heated , the size of the hole will              First increases and then decrease

26.Sugar can be tested in a Diabetic patient by              Benedict's test
27.The sex of a child before birth can be determined by              Amniocentesis
28.Plants growing in dark areas are called              Scatophyte
29.The resting time of heart during the interval of each compression is called              Diastol
30.'Utopia Planitia' is a place in which planet/satellite              Mars
31.The organism which have nervous system but do not have brain              Hydra
32.Antitoxins is used against Diptheria obtained from              Horse
33.The satellite which discovered the Ozon layer              Nimbus-7
34.Osteomalaria is caused due to the deficiency of which Vitamin ?              Vitamin D
35.The sea breeze and land breeze are caused by difference in              Heating of land and sea
36.The Red blood cells (RBC) is also called as               Erythrocyctes
37.Quinine is an alkaloid that cures which disease ?              Malaria
38.Boiling point of water in the Farenheat scale is               212 Degree
39.The most essential component of a refrigerator is              Compressure
40.The planet which is often called the earth twin is               Venus
41.What does C.N.G. stands for              Compressed Natural Gas
42."Which sphere is known as ""Chemosphere"" ?"              Ozonosphere
43.Magnesite is              Magnesium Carbonate
44.Which of the follwing is known as Ramanujan Numeral               1729
45.Normal Blood Pressure of man is               80/120 mm HG
46.The deficiency of Iron in man may result in              Anaemia
47.The largest gland in Human body is              Liver
48.Fossils are usually found in              Sedimenary Rock
49.Acetyl Salicilic Acid is commonly known as              Aspirin
50.Which is known as white coal              Hydro Electricty

Read More

HISTORY QUIZ

Swadeshi Movement was started in the year?              1905
2 Who was the heroine of Quit India Movement?              Aruna Asaf Ali
3 Gandhiji started his Dhandi march from              Sabarmathi
4 Who is considered as the father of History?              Herodotus
5 Vaso-da-Gama disovered India in the year                            1498
6 "The King of England who signed ""Magna Carta"" was"              King John II
7 Who was the first president of All India Trade Union Congress(AITUC)?              Lala Lajpat Rai
8 "Who was known as ""Man of Destiny"" ?"              Napolean Bonapart
9 Which colour was commonly used in Harappan Pottery?              Red
10 The Indian freedom fighter who was known as 'Frontier Gandhi' is               Khan Abdul Gafar Khan
11 Tansen ,a great musician of his times, was in the Court of               Akbar
12 Suez Canal was opened for traffic in the year              1869
13 """Ballot is stronger than the Bullet"" Who said this?"              Abraham Lincoln
14 The first Olympic games was held in              776 BC
15 The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 at              Dhaka
16 Ankar Vat is a temple in              Combodia
17 John. F.Kennedy was killed in the year               1963
18 The Congress party was formally split into extrimists and moderates at the Surat session of              1907
19 Indian National Army fought Second World War against              British
20 Modern Olympic games started in 1896 in              Athens
21 Which of the following dynastics was ruling over north India at the time of Alexander's invasion ?              Nanda
22 The year in which Second World War started              1939
23 Burma, presently Myanmar was separated from British India in the year              1935
24 Who was the designer of the Statue of Liberty in USA ?              Fredric Auguste
25 First common wealth was held at              Hamilton(Canada)
26 The fifth story of Qutabminar was added by which King              Firos sha Tuglaque
27 French revolution began in the year              1789
28 Sanchi portrays the art and sculpture of the              Budhists
29 The 'Master of Greek Comedy' is              Aristophanes
30 The only women ruler of Delhi Sultanate Raziya Sultana was the daughter of               Ilthumish
31 Where is Black Pagoda              Konark
32 """Ashta Pradhan"" adorned the court of"              Shivaji
33 Beginning of Saka Era               78 AD
34 Indian Association was founded by              Surendranath Banerjee
35 Holly book of Judans             The Toras
36 The year in which the ship Titanic sank              1912
37 Israel came into existence in the year              1948
38 Who was the founder of city of 'Amritsar' ?              Guru Ramdas
39 Founder of Arya Samaj was               Dayananda Saraswathi
40 The word 'Hindu'as reference to the people of India was first used by              The Arabs
41 The Civilization which developed on the banks of the river Tiber is known as              Roman
42 In which year was Jesus Christ born ?              BC 4
43 From which country did Fascist party originate              Italy
44 The Harappan Civilization was discovered in the year              1921
45 "The ""East India Company was founded in India durinhg the reighn of"              Akbar
46 Russian revolution took place in the year           1917
47.Who is the father of Indian Renaissance ?              Raja Ram MohanRay
48.First Deputy Prime Minister of India ?              Sardar Vallabhai Patel
49.Who was the First Prime Minister of India to face the No-Confidence Motion ?              Jawahar Lal Nehru
50.Who was the last Viceroy of British India ?              Lord Canning

Read More

Development Communication In India

The history of organised development communication in India can be traced to rural radio broadcasts used indigenous languages in the 1940s.

The programmes may be about farming and related subjects. The programme may comprise of interviews with experts, officials and farmers, folk songs and information about weather, market rates, availability of improved seeds and implements. There would also be programmes on related fields.

India

During the I 950s, the government started huge developmental programmes throughout the country.In fact, when Doordarshan started on I₅th September 1959, it was concentrating only on programmes on agriculture. We have seen the ‘Krishi Darshan’ programme on Doordarshan.

Later in 1975, when India used satellites for telecasting television programmes in what is known as SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment), the programmes on education and development were made available to 2400 villages in the states ofAndhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan

In various parts of India, groups of volunteers use street theatre as a medium for development communication. This is done through humorous skits and plays through which the importance of literacy, hygiene etc. are enacted.

 Programmes are organized in the remote areas of Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, and the North East to provide training to rural communicators to enable them to use comics in development communication.Information on sensitive health issues such as HIV/AIDS has been communicated throught the medium of comics in several states.

The need of Development Communication in India

§  Universities and other educational institutions - especially the agricultural universities, through their extension networks - and international organisations under the UN umbrella carried the development communication  experiments further.

§  The need for development communication continues still over 200 million are very poor as of 2009. They all, and the urban slum dwellers, need government support in different forms. Therefore, communication from the government remains highly relevant.

CORE AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT

Agriculture

Fisheries

Animal Husbandry 

Food Security 

Communication

Irrigation 

Public Works

Employment

 Environment 

Ecology 

Income generation activities

Education

Health and Sanitation

Family welfare

§  Community Radio

The level of literacy was very low in rural areas - radio played an equally important role in reaching messages to the masses.

Community radio is another new medium getting a foothold in rural India, though in patches. NGOs and educational institutions are given license to set up a local community radio station to broadcast information, advisories and messages on developmental aspects. Participation of local community is encouraged. As community radio provides a platform to villagers to broadcast local issues, it has the potential to elicit positive action from local politicians and civil servants.

Canada

§  One of the first examples of development communication was Farm Radio Forums in Canada. From 1941 to 1965 farmers met in groups each week to listen to special radio programs. There were also printed materials and prepared questions to encourage group discussion.

§  At first this was a response to the Great Depression and the need for increased food production in World War II. This model of adult education or distance education was later adopted in India and Ghana

§  Since 2002, Journalists for Human Rights, a Canadian based NGO, has operated long term projects in Ghana,Sierra Leone,Liberia and the DR Congo. jhr works directly with journalists, providing monthly workshops, student sessions, on the job training, and additional programs on a country by country basis.

Bolivia

§  A project of social marketing in Bolivia in the 1980s tried to get women in the Cochabamba Valley to use soybean recipes in their cooking. This was an attempt to deal with chronic malnourishment among children.

§  The project used cooking demonstrations, posters and broadcasts on local commercial radio stations.

U.S

§  In 1999 the U.S. Government and D.C. Comics planned to distribute 600,000 comic books to children affected by the Kosovo War. The comic books are in Albanian and feature Superman and Wonder Woman. The aim is to teach children what to do when they find an unexploded Land mine left over from Kosovo's civil war. The comic books instruct children not to touch the anti-personnel mines and not to move, but instead to call an adult for help.

Mexico-Failed project

In Mexico in the 1980s, a major initiative to develop the tropical wetlands through drainage systems, roads, bridges, and other infrastructures, including new settlement villages, was launched in Tabasco State, under the title of Plan la Chontalpa. 

However, the Plan was frustrated by the unwillingness of the local communities to conform to the plans laid down for them by the authorities. The result was an enormous investment in infrastructures that were never properly utilized or maintained.

Mexico- PRODERITH (A successful project)

The World Bank considers PRODERITH to be among the most successful project it supports and is on record as having stated that the rural communication system has been instrumental to that success.

Today, the Government's Integrated Rural Development Programme for the Tropical Wetlands (PRODERITH), which is supported by the World Bank, and by FAO for its development communication aspects, has created a rural communication system to help avoid repeating the errors of the Plan la Chontalpa, which , in effect, built "cathedrals in the desert".                                                       

A video is shown to the community to explain PRDERITH and its action, and following this, the community id asked whether it wished to co-operate with the Programme. After an affirmative response the people are asked to choose 10-12 persons from among them to represent them during a series of planning meetings that take place in the following weeks.

These planning meetings make intensive use of video recording and playback to trigger and stimulate an internal debate about the past history of the community, its present situation, the problems facing it, and possible options for development initiatives that could be supported by PRODERITH.  The outcome is a Local Development Plan, about which a video is also made and which is passed to the management of PRODERITH.

Read More

Development Communication

Development Communication has been used as the use of communication to promote social development. It refers to the practice of systematically applying the processes, strategies, and principles of communication to bring about positive social change.  In other words development communication is the integration of strategic communication in development projects.

§  It is recognizing the power of communication as a catalyst for social development.

§   It is also the utilization of existent communication tools and applicable theories for result-driven strategies for the advancement of society.

§  It can also be defined as purposive communication intended for a specific target audience that allows for the translation of information into action resulting in a higher quality of life.

§  It also relies greatly on Community and People voluntary involvement  or Participation, in a development activity with full knowledge of its purpose that will allow them to grow individually and as a community.

§  Development communication is the process of eliciting positive change (social, political, economic, moral, environmental, etc) through an effective exchange of pertinent information in order to induce people to action.

Elements in Development Communication

It is a broad but rigorous one: it includes

ú  a specific body of research

ú   a series of practices to induce change through specific methods and media.

ú  While there is a vast literature about planning, production, and strategic use of media in development, there is significantly less material about the “dialogic” use of communication to investigate issues at the beginning of development projects and programs.

In this connection three vital groups are identified which are as follows:

ú  Innovation or Knowledge generation.

ú  The political leaders or government of the state.

ú  Users of the knowledge or agriculturists.

A very close interaction is necessary among the three groups as mentioned above, to achieve the success of development support communication.

Development Communication Agencies

Development   communication is urgently suggested by UNESCO, UNDP and communication scholars and practitioners worldwide.

It stands for linking all agencies involved in the planned development works such as political executives, political planners, development administrators, subject specialists, field workers, opinion leaders, media representatives, researchers and the beneficiaries who continue the final delivery points and the consumers of the information.

The route of communication envisaged are not only vertical as flowing from upper level to bottom or bottom level to upwards but also horizontal between the institutions and personnel connected with the process of development.

Strategic communication is a powerful tool that can improve the chances of success of development projects.   

Origin of Development Communication

 The concept of development communication can be widespread various parts of the world because of the problems that arose in the aftermath of      World War II.

The rise of the communication sciences in the 1950s saw recognition of the field as an academic discipline, with Daniel Lerner, Wilbur Schramm, and Everett Rogers being the earliest influential advocates. 

Scope of Development Communication

§   The theory and practice of development communication continues to evolve today, with different approaches and perspectives unique to the varied development contexts   such as information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change, and participatory development communication.

OBJECTIVITY

The fundamental objective is to communicate the latest skills, knowledge and innovation to the society it   may increase their output manifold.

Basic Principles of Development Communication

Dialogic-  To facilitate mutual under­standing, to assess the situation, and to seek wider consensus.

Inclusive- Development Communication identifies, defines, hears, and understands relevant audience

Heuristic- The investigative use of communication to discover or solve prob­lems during the initial phases of a development initiative is essential

Analytical-   The assessment of political risks and opportunities, is analytical

Participatory-   Only genuine communication can facilitate effective participation in grass root level, especially in its most advanced forms on

Features of Development Communication

 

Contextual— to obtain a better understanding of the relevant situation and they can triangulate their findings. 

Interdisciplinary—it includes a number of principles borrowed from other disciplines, such as ethnography, sociology, political economy, adult education, and marketing.  

Strategic—The principle of strategy, which contains many of the previous elements, emphasizes the professional and timely application of communication techniques and methods to achieve intended objectives.

Persuasive—To be used to induce voluntary changes in individuals.

Development Communication Approaches
 

Social marketing - the principles of marketing applied to social issues.  It has been widely used, especially to promote health practices, such as immunization campaigns, sanitation, and others. 

Advocacy- applied to promote a specific issue or agenda, generally at a national level. 

Information dissemination and campaigns-  dissemination of information to fill specific knowledge gaps, Information, education, and communication (IEC)- It is based on the linear transmission model where information is disseminated through a number of media.

Basic Communication Approaches

Education and training- Educational approaches are generally aimed at increasing knowledge and comprehension. 

Institutional strengthening - strengthening the internal capacities of an institution and eventually   positioning and improving its image with external audiences.

Community mobilization- a systematic effort to involve the community to take active part in the resolution of specific issues related to their well-being. 

Read More