Western Music
Western music, music produced in Europe as well as those musics derived from the European from ancient times to the present day.
Music in Western civilzation has undergone several major style phases, this is simplest chronological sequence:
1. EARLY MUSIC (c1100BC-1700AD)
- Ancient Greek and Roman music (c1100BC-450AD) -
- Medieval music (c450-1450) -
- Renaissance music (c1450-1600) -
- early Baroque music (c1600-1700
2. COMMON-PRACTICE MUSIC (c1700-1900)
- late-Baroque music (c1700-1750) -
- Classic music (c1750-1820) -Music of the Classic Era (c1750-1820)
During the Classic Era, composers sought balance, clarity, and resolution in their works. They wrote distinct themes , and developed clear musical formal designs based on tonality (home-key centered music).
"Music in The Classic Era." The leading composers of the Classic Era are Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven,
The most dramatic and influential musical design created in the Classic Era is sonata form.
Mozart wrote many kinds of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_5K8f5CZpgmusic, especially daring and social-revolutionary in his theatrical works .
3.Romantic music (1820-1900):
Music of the Romantic Era (c1820-1900). Around 1820, began an era of flamboyant and colorful personal expression known as Romanticism. Music got bigger, longer, louder, more colorful, and more daring. A wave of musical nationalism resulted that promoted the individual musical traditions, native tongues, and politics of the composer's native country
Some representative composers of the Romantic Era are
- Schubert (Austria),
- Berlioz (France),
- Chopin (Poland),
- Wagner (Germany), and
- Tchaikovsky (Russia).
3. MODERN MUSIC (c1900-present):
- early 20th-century music (c1900-1945) -
- Avant-garde music (cutting-edge experimental music)
- Modern Popular music
Around 1900, the "Modern Music" emerged, in which each composer established their own sound and musical language, and each piece of music was an opportunity to explore entirely new musical aspects.
In this period, composers began to think very differently from the past, creating new and completely individual compositional approaches. The most important of these early pioneers of modern music are
- Debussy (France)
- Schoenberg (Austria)
- Stravinsky(Russia).
Avant-garde While some composers continued to write more conservative/traditional music, many composers--particularly Americans--have strived to be on the forefront ("avant-garde") of musical experimentation. A few examples of this are shown below:
Many modern popular musicians have been equally creative in their innovations through blues, jazz, rock and roll, rap, film music, Broadway musicals, digital multimedia, etc. Even when we think we have exhausted every possible way of making music, some ingenious new musician will take us to new ground, and continue the cycle of human expression through the art and the gift of music.
https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus150/2Survey%20Of%20Musical%20Styles%20-%20Jacobson.pdf
The defining feature of modern music is the breaking-down of all traditional aesthetic conventions, thereby unleashing complete freedom in all aesthetic dimensions, including melody, rhythm, and chord progression.
The development of audio recording technology, along with the ability to quickly and cheaply distribute recordings and scores, were central to the revolutions of modern music. The vast catalogue of Western art music became much more accessible. Moreover, non-Western music was suddenly open to exploration (via notated and recorded works), thus exposing Western composers to countless exotic musical ideas
New Music Families
Music of the pre-modern world can be broadly divided into two kinds.
Folk music
emerged naturally among cultures throughout the world, while art music was deliberately cultivated by small numbers of professional composers.
Folk music generally features relatively simple structure/theory and has a relaxed, informal quality, whereas art music generally features relatively complex structure/theory has an elevated, formal quality.
Popular music
With the development of modern mass media a new family of music was born: popular music, which has the simple structure/theory and informal quality of folk music. Instead of developing gradually among a given culture, however, popular music develops at a swift pace in the hands of professional composers .
Popular music emerged in the United States from the fusion of two folk traditions.
One was American folk music, which consisted of various traditions descended chiefly from British folk music (which, naturally, had been imported to colonial America);
the other was African music, carried to America by thousands of slaves. Most genres of popular music can be traced back to the merging of these traditions, in which Western major-minor tonality was combined with the rhythms of Africa.
Mass media also gave rise to film music, a special branch of Western art music. Film music generally employs major-minor tonality, given that this system allows emotion to be conveyed in such a clear, powerful manner . Film music is the only form of art music in history to be regularly experienced by a large proportion of society; all other art music (especially that of the modern age, which is generally quite inaccessible) is enjoyed by a much more limited audience
Impressionism
The style of Western music known as impressionism is considered to embody the transition from Romantic to modern music. Romantic music (like Baroque and Classical music before it) tends to feature a strong sense of forward motion, in which a well-defined melody is supported by chord progressions that provide tension and release (see Tonality). Impressionist music, on the other hand, tends to feature static harmony; chords are not arranged to provide tension and release, and thus the sense of forward motion is mild or absent.I473-77,5
Impressionist composers often select chords for their individual sounds rather than arranging them in progressions. Impressionist music can thus be described as series of harmonic textures, as opposed to a melody supported by a harmonic foundation. This makes impressionism superb for conveying atmosphere (rather than forceful emotion)
Modern Western art music can be divided into three branches.
One is radical modern music, which encompasses all types that depart extremely from traditional Western music. The primary member of this branch is atonal music;
another is music comprised of non-musical sounds (i.e. noise).
The third and final branch of modern Western music is major-minor tonal (i.e. music that features major-minor tonality). In terms of art music, this branch encompasses most film music and musicals; additionally, it includes most popular music. Thus, in terms of sheer audience size, major-minor tonality continues to dominate Western music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJ8oEWMZ0c0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVJS3d6Ef-I
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