The History Of Television/Global/India ~ Journalism and Communication.

In 1928, General Electric (GE) displayed the first presentation on a television.

The 1930s conducting experiments on the new technology. They predicted that television would be as much a part of the life of the United States as radio had become.

In 1939, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) brought television to the world during the New York World's Fair.

On February 1, 1940, it conducted the first official network television broadcast in the United States.

In 1941, the FCC officially authorized commercial television, transferred television sound from AM to FM, and increased the resolution standards for broadcasts.

By 1948, a total of 36 television stations were broadcasting and over 1 million television sets were receiving.

In 1952, 70 ultra high frequency (UHF) channels were added to those already available.

By 1953, nearly 400 stations were providing coverage to nearly 90 percent of the United States; no medium in history could compare to television in its record-breaking implementation.

HISTORY OF TELEVISION in india

Television began in India way back in 1959 as a part of All India Radio when it was formally commissioned on September 15 as an experimental service. Its aim was to promote social education and general awareness. When Mrs. Indira Gandhi was in charge of the information and Broadcasting Ministry that television was commissioned as a regular daily service from 15th August 1965. Now television transmitters carry Doordarshan signals to almost three fourth of the country's population.

On August 1, 1975 a Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched with the help of an American Satellite for a period of one year when 2400 villages in six states – Orissa. Bihar Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka were exposed to area specific programmes beamed with the help of the satellite.

The experiment was successful and was universally lauded. The programme content had the three necessary ingredients of entertainment, education and information.

One of the most popular programmes of Doordarshan has been the rural programme called "Krishi Darshan" which was launched on 26 January 1967. Doordarshan also caters to many schools and universities in the country through its Educational TV and Open University programmes.

In 1982, Doordarshan went into colour and created its own national network through the help of INSAT-1 A. Now with the help of INSAT-1B and Microwave facilities, Doordarshan is able to cater to a very wide area of the country in terms of imparting information and entertainment.

Some of the significant presentations have been the IX Asian Games, the NAM summit, the CHOGUM conference, Republic Day Parades, Independence Day Celebrations, etc.

Television went commercial from January 1, 1976 and now good numbers of sponsored programmes are telecast on Doordarshan, increasing its revenue.

On March 22, 2000, INSAT- 3 B was launched under the INSAT series. It has three Ku-band transponders with 12 extended C-band transponders and S-band mobile Satellite service payloads. This will double the capacity, which was earlier, provided by seven transponders of INSAT-2B and INSAT-2C.

To provide set of transponders for the Swarna Jayanthi Vidya Vikas Upagraha Yojana for Vidya Vahini, an exclusive educational channel

ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA:

In a democracy has to play a greater role. The role of electronic media is not confined to provide information, education and entertainment. It has to promote citizens right to information. Further to secure the Citizen's civil, political and social rights. It also has also to act as a public watchdog to reveal state abuses.

Role of electronic media, both radio and television is to be conceived in terms of representing adequately different social interests also. They have to give adequate expression to the full range of cultural-political values in society.

A UNESCO study has also highlighted the role of the media in socialization, cultural promotion and national integration for creating better understanding and appreciation of others viewpoints and aspirations. Media can help to democratize the relationship between government and governed.

REACH OF TELEVISION:

REACH OF DOORDARSHAN: Compared to Radio, Doordarshan's network expansion is impressive in shortest time possible.

In March 1999, Doordarshan - 1 had 1000 transmitters and DD-2 (the Metro channel) had 57 covering about 87.9 per cent of population and about 74.8 per cent of area

Private television channels:

The second but perhaps the most important development that has revolutionized not only the media system in India but the entire society has undergone a dramatic change is the availability of multiple channels on television - either direct, through satellite or through cable TV.

Doordarshan itself is a multi channel system having a separate a sports channel and a separate educational channel (Vidya Vahini) on the anvil.

"sky invasion".

This term refers to the invasion of the households by private channels both Indian and foreign. The Indian government never wanted to provide up-linking facilities perhaps being afraid of the cultural invasion. But channels, including Indian channels, started up-linking from foreign soils like Kathmandu and Hong Kong and no technology available today can afford to block the down linking.

This "sky invasion" coupled with rapid expansion of cable network has actually converted the entire urban and semi urban India into a big global village. The number of television owing household has also increased tremendously and it is estimated that about 70% of the urban households and 50% of the rural households today own at least one television set.

This has to be noted and appreciated and also critically examined as this has happened in a record time unlike the Western countries where it took about 20 years. The Indian society has in fact leap-forged at least in the field of television usage.

Journalism and Communication.

Wednesday, 30 March 2022