The History Of Television/Global/India

In 1928, General Electric (GE) displayed the first presentation on a television.

The 1930s  conducting experiments on the new technology. They predicted that television would be as much a part of the life of the United States as radio had become.

In 1939, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) brought television to the world during the New York World's Fair.

On February 1, 1940, it conducted the first official network television broadcast in the United States. 

In 1941, the FCC officially authorized commercial television, transferred television sound from AM to FM, and increased the resolution standards for broadcasts.

 By 1948, a total of 36 television stations were broadcasting and over 1 million television sets were receiving. 

 In 1952, 70 ultra high frequency (UHF) channels were added to those already available. 

By 1953, nearly 400 stations were providing coverage to nearly 90 percent of the United States; no medium in history could compare to television in its record-breaking implementation.

HISTORY OF TELEVISION in india  

Television began in India way back in 1959 as a part of All India Radio when it was formally commissioned on September 15 as an experimental service. Its aim was to promote social education and general awareness. When Mrs. Indira Gandhi was in charge of the information and Broadcasting Ministry that television was commissioned as a regular daily service from 15th August 1965. Now television transmitters carry Doordarshan signals to almost three fourth of the country's population.

On August 1, 1975 a Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched with the help of an American Satellite for a period of one year when 2400 villages in six states – Orissa. Bihar Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka were exposed to area specific programmes beamed with the help of the satellite.

The experiment was successful and was universally lauded. The programme content had the three necessary ingredients of entertainment, education and information. 

One of the most popular programmes of Doordarshan has been the rural programme called "Krishi Darshan" which was launched on 26 January 1967. Doordarshan also caters to many schools and universities in the country through its Educational TV and Open University programmes. 

In 1982, Doordarshan went into colour and created its own national network through the help of INSAT-1 A. Now with the help of INSAT-1B and Microwave facilities, Doordarshan is able to cater to a very wide area of the country in terms of imparting information and entertainment.

Some of the significant presentations have been the IX Asian Games, the NAM summit, the CHOGUM conference, Republic Day Parades, Independence Day Celebrations, etc.

Television went commercial from January 1, 1976 and now good numbers of sponsored programmes are telecast on Doordarshan, increasing its revenue.

On March 22, 2000, INSAT- 3 B was launched under the INSAT series. It has three Ku-band transponders with 12 extended C-band transponders and S-band mobile Satellite service payloads. This will double the capacity, which was earlier, provided by seven transponders of INSAT-2B and INSAT-2C.

To provide set of transponders for the Swarna Jayanthi Vidya Vikas Upagraha Yojana for Vidya Vahini, an exclusive educational channel

ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA: 

In a democracy has to play a greater role. The role of electronic media is not confined to provide information, education and entertainment. It  has to promote citizens right to information. Further to secure the Citizen's civil, political and social rights. It also has also to act as a public watchdog to reveal state abuses.

Role of electronic media, both radio and television is to be conceived in terms of representing adequately different social interests also. They have to give adequate expression to the full range of cultural-political values in society.

A UNESCO study has also highlighted the role of the media in socialization, cultural promotion and national integration for creating better understanding and appreciation of others viewpoints and aspirations. Media can help to democratize the relationship between government and governed.

REACH OF TELEVISION:

REACH OF DOORDARSHAN: Compared to Radio, Doordarshan's network expansion is impressive in shortest time possible. 

In March 1999, Doordarshan - 1 had 1000 transmitters and DD-2 (the Metro channel) had 57 covering about 87.9 per cent of population and about 74.8 per cent of area

 

Private television channels:

The second but perhaps the most important development that has revolutionized not only the media system in India but the entire society has undergone a dramatic change is the availability of multiple channels on television - either direct, through satellite or through cable TV.

Doordarshan itself is a multi channel system having a separate a sports channel and a separate educational channel (Vidya Vahini) on the anvil.

"sky invasion".

 This term refers to the invasion of the households by private channels both Indian and foreign. The Indian government never wanted to provide up-linking facilities perhaps being afraid of the cultural invasion. But channels, including Indian channels, started up-linking from foreign soils like Kathmandu and Hong Kong and no technology available today can afford to block the down linking.

This "sky invasion" coupled with rapid expansion of cable network has actually converted the entire urban and semi urban India into a big global village. The number of television owing household has also increased tremendously and it is estimated that about 70% of the urban households and 50% of the rural households today own at least one television set.

This has to be noted and appreciated and also critically examined as this has happened in a record time unlike the Western countries where it took about 20 years. The Indian society has in fact leap-forged at least in the field of television usage.

Read more: Broadcasting - The History Of Television - United, Stations, Nearly, and World - JRank Articles https://law.jrank.org/pages/4874/Broadcasting-History-Television.html#ixzz7P0GsqtH6

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Radio- CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO

Radio is an audio device of passing messages to a large audience. Radio involves the process by which messages are sent through electrical waves. In other words, the sound could be sent and received through these waves.

Meaning

 Radio as a word has its origin in the Latin.  The word Radio is defined as the process of sending and receiving messages through the air, using electromagnetic waves. It is also about the activity of broadcasting programmes for people to listen to the programmes being broadcast.

 

Radio involves the process by which messages are sent through electrical waves.

 Definition

It can also be defined as the broadcasting of programmes for the

public to listen to. It is the system of sending sound over a distance by

transmitting electrical signals.

 

Radio is one of the most important means of communication. Through radio, people send spoken words, music, and other communication signals through the air to any part of the world.

 

Radio broadcasts now feature music, news, discussion, interviews, description of sports events and advertising. People drive to their jobs listening to car radios and spend leisure hours hearing their favorite programs on radio.

 

Radio also has a wide variety of news in addition to broadcasting airplane pilots, astronauts, construction workers, policemen, sailors and others who do many kinds of jobs use radio for quick communication. Scientists send radio waves into the sky to learn about weather. Telephone companies send messages by radio as well as telephone.

 

FROM THIS SUBMISSION, RADIO HAS TWO CONCEPTS

 

(i)                It is a medium of transmitting messages by electronic signal to a scattered or receiving audience.

(ii)               It is a box which the receiver possesses and by which he or she traps the electronic signals through the antenna and receives a message.

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO

 

 As a medium of mass communication, radio has the following characteristics

 

Portability:

Radio is a very portable device that can be carried about with ease. The portability of radio makes it possible for people to listen to it wherever they are. With the coming of ICT, we now have radio sets that are as small as handsets.

 

(2) It is a mass medium:

Radio messages can reach people in different localities. Bittner (1989) says that the mass medium makes it possible for the message to reach beyond the immediate proximity of the sender. A mass medium has the ability to send a message globally.

 

(3) Transient messages: Radio messages are perishable. They are constantly on the move. The audience cannot ask for a repeat of what was not clearly heard because; the messages are on a move. That is why most people say radio does not talk twice.

 

(4) Audio medium: Radio is a one-sided medium that is it can only be heard and not be seen. This makes it a limited sensory; it only appeals to the sense of hearing. According to Asemah (2009), in radio words are the only thing used to create pictures in the minds of the audience. Other things like sound can also be used to create a mental picture in the mind of the listener.

 

(5) Cheap: Radio set is affordable. We have radio sets that are as cheap as N 500 naira.

 

(6) It requires talent: Radio operation requires talents to operate. It needs the blending of different talents in order to function well. It is not onesided in operations. It requires the reporters, sound engineers, etc, to operate.

 

(7) It is competitive: with the advent of many radio stations, it could be said that radio is a highly competitive business as it requires putting up catchy programmes in order to outshine other stations.

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