Important Indian govt Campaign

Make in India is an initiative of the Government of India to encourage to attract the global world as well as domestic, companies to invest and manufacture in India. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014.  It then became an international marketing campaign.

the web site http://dipp.nic.in/English/Investor/makeinindia.aspx

The major objective behind the initiative is to focus on job creation and skill enhancement in in which the Government has identified 25 major sectors which have the potential of becoming a global leader. . The application for licences was made available online and the validity of licences was increased to three years. Various other norms and procedures were also relaxed. In August 2014, the Cabinet of India allowed 49% foreign direct investment (FDI) in the defence sector and 100%  in railways infrastructure. The defence sector previously allowed 26% FDI and FDI was not allowed in railways. People from far and wide are planning to visit the fair, which has ‘Make in India’ as its theme this year, and is soaked in colours of both Indian and international crafts.“ It also aims to allow FDI in the country as well as bring back to health the loss-making Government firms. T

The Make in India campaign is completely under the Central Government,. The campaign was designed by Wieden+Kennedy

Folk artists of Maharashtra create a foot-tapping rhapsody to attract visitors at the state’s pavilion. (Manoj Verma/HT)

make in India Visual

India Shining

India Shining was a marketing slogan referring to the overall feeling of economic optimism in India in 2004. The slogan was popularized by the then-ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for the 2004 Indian general elections. The slogan initially developed as part of an Indian government campaign intended to promote India internationally. The target audience of the campaign particularly in urban areas citizen.

The slogan and the associated campaign was developed by national creative director Prathap Suthan, in consultation with Finance Minister Jaswant Singh. The BJP government has spent an approximate cost of Rs. 500 crores for the advertisements campaign during 2004 Parliament. After the election by former Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani, who described it as "valid," but "inappropriate for our election campaign.  

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The slogan was then used as a central theme in the BJP's campaign for the 2004-05 national elections, a move criticized by the BJP's political opponents, who felt that public money was being used for partisan purposes. In response, the Indian Election Commission banned the slogan's broadcast until after the elections, although BJP politicians continued to use the slogan in other contexts. 

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Hindi: स्वच्छ भारत अभियान, English: Clean India Mission and abbreviated as SBA or SBM for "Swachh Bharat Mission") is a national campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. 

Swacch Bharat Abhiyan refers to clean India campaign initiated by the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi. The basic objective of Clean India Mission is to achieve the path of cleanliness and hygiene all over India. Implementing Clean India Mission, also called the Swacch Bharat mission will be an important step towards the further development of India. Swacch Bharat Mission is the utmost way to achieve greatness and success in many spheres of life as well as boost the economy of the country.

It was performed in remembrance of Mahatma Gandhi's words. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event. The mission was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and they took up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on. It has been carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.

Mr. Narendra Modi has time and again reiterated that cleanliness has always been close to the heart of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi longed to see a clean India where people would work in harmony, holding each other’s hand to make ‘Bharat’ clean. Mr. Modi promotes Mahatma Gandhi’s vision through the Swacch Bharat Abhiyan. Through this mission The Honorable Prime Minister is asking people from all walks of life to help in creating a cleaner and more beautiful India.

The mission seeks to achieve the goal of a clean and a new India in the coming five years, in a way that the 150th birth anniversary of Bapu can be marked as the day of accomplishment of this mission. As many as nine public figures: Mridula Sinha, Sachin Tendulkar, Baba Ramdev, Shashi Tharoor, Anil Ambani, Kamal Hasan, Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra and Team Tarak Mehta ka Oolta Chashma – have been invited by the PM to make a contribution towards Swachh Bharat, and the people of India are also to invite nine other people to take part hence forming a chain. People are also asked to share their views on social media using the hash-tag #MyCleanIndia.

Swacchh Bharat Abhiyan was promoted through many mediums but catchy slogans and phrase resulted to be one of the most efficient ways to propagate the missions’ reach. Not to forget the slogan contest winner for the Swacch Bharat Mission was “Ek kadam Swacchhta ki ore”. Meanwhile certain slogans on Swachh Bharat have spread like wildfire. Edcoogle brings you 26 Swachh Bharat Mission slogans that will increase your awareness about this campaign and also help you with your homework.

http://www.edcoogle.com/blog/2015/06/26-slogans-swachh-bharat-mission-help-homework/

This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. Specific objectives are:^{[citation needed]}

·        Elimination of open defecation

·        Conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets (a type of pit latrine, usually connected to two pits)

·        Eradication of manual scavenging

·        100% collection and processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste

·        A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices

·        Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health

·        Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems

·        Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for sanitary facilities

The components of the programme as listed in the SBM guidelines are:

·        Construction of individual sanitary  for households below the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists.

·        Conversion of dry latrines into low-cost sanitary latrines.

·        Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities for hand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land or space within houses and where village panchayats are willing to maintain the facilities.

·        Setting up of sanitary marts.

·        Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid and liquid waste disposal.

·        Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a felt need for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities.

·        End of manual scavenging of garbage.

·        The program plans to construct 12 crore toilets in rural India by October 2019, at a projected cost of 1.96 lakh crore .The government has spent 94 crore only on print, radio and television ads to promote the cleanliness mission that PM Modi launched on Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary October 2 last year.  As of May 2015, 14 companies including Tata Consulting Services, Mahindra Group and Rotary International have pledged to construct 3,195 new toilets. As of the same month, 71 Public Sector Undertakings in India supported the construction of 86,781 new toilets. India about garbage issues  via twitter based app.NIT Rourkela PhD students and Sacred Heart School Students,Tumkur have made a short film on Swachh Bharat, conveying the message that Swachh Bharat is not a one-day event but should be part of life, in order for the goal of a clean India to be achieved.

Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on October 2, 2014 at Rajghat in New Delhi.
Here are 7 facts you should definitely know about the campaign:
1. The national campaign led by the Government of India is covering 4041 statutory towns across India and aims to make the streets, roads and infrastructure clean by October 2, 2019 (Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary)

 2. The mission is estimated to cost around 62,009 crore rupees, of which 14,623 crore rupees will be borne by the Union Government
3. The urban component of the mission is being implemented by the Union Ministry of Urban Development and is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive. Around three million government employees and school and college students of India participated in the event in its initial phase. However, the rural component of the mission will be implemented by Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
4. The mission was started by Prime Minister Modi, who, on December 25, 2014, nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign. They took up the challenge and nominated nine more people. Thereafter, it has been carried forward with people from all walks of life joining it. The nine public figures selected by Modi to propagate the mission include:
known fact

 5. The goal also includes the elimination of open defecation, conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradicating of manual scavenging and Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM).
Major components of the goal:
a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for households below the poverty line with subsidy (80 percent) where demand exists
b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-cost sanitary latrines
c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities for hand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land or space within houses and where village panchayats are willing to maintain the facilities
d) Setting up of sanitary marts
e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid and liquid waste disposal
f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a felt need for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities.
This would cover 1.04 crore households, provide 2.5 lakh seats of community toilets, 2.6 lakh seats of public toilets and solid waste management facility for all towns.

 6. History:
With effect from April 1, 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural Sanitation Programme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
To give a fillip to the TSC, effective June 2003, the government launched an incentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a clean environment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts, called Nirmal Gram Puraskar.
Effective April 1, 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA). On October 2, 2014 the campaign was relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
7. A Swachh Bharat Run was organised at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on October 2, 2014. According to a statement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan, around 1500 people participated and the event was flagged off by President Pranab Mukherjee. Participants in the run included officers and their families.

 

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Incident,inciting incident and key incident

What is character but the determination of incident? And what is incident but the illumination of character?" Incident define as "a specific event or occurrence that occurs in relation to something else.  A incident serves two important and necessary functions in the craft of story ­telling: (1), it sets the story in motion; and (2), it grabs the attention of the reader and audience. Seeing the relationship between this first incident and the story line is essential to an understanding of good screenwriting

The inciting incident, was a cinematic tool he used to set up the story from page one, word one. The opening  incident, is called the inciting incident, because it sets the story in mo­tion; it is the first visual representation of the key incident, what the story is about, and draws the main character into the story line

Distinguish  an inciting incident and key incident

An  inciting incident that opens the film. It sets the story in motion. That is its function.the inciting incident will either be action-driven or character-driven. It does not have to be a tense action or dramatic sequence—it can be a scene involving a situation. In kuttam kadithal  the inciting incident is the boy student Chezhian response about a kiss , and the key incident comes when the the student fainted on the   teacher slap. 

In kaka muttai the children wish to get a piza for eat. they plan to get the  piza and lead many incidents. The kids are get ride from the shop that they wore dirty dress that is a key incident the put forward the story. 

The inciting incident always leads us to the key incident; which is the hub of the story line, the engine that powers the story forward. 
The key incident reveals to us what the story is about. 

These two incidents are essential parts of the whole that must be established when you are setting up the screenplay. Many times the key incident and Plot Point I are the same. Sometimes the key incident will be something that has affected  character's life at an earlier time.

The dramatic premise could be said to be a conceptual description of what the story is about, while the key incident would be that specific scene or se­quence that is the dramatic visualization of what the story is about.

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Screenplay page format and elements of Screen play

Sample Screenplay PageThere is no hard and fast rule for how to format montages in screenplays. As with all formatting, the goal is to express what’s happening on screen as clearly and simply as possible, without breaking up the flow of the screenplay or taking your reader out of the script.

A screenplay is a 90-120 page document written in Courier 12 pt font on 8 1/2" x 11" bright white three-hole punched paper. 

Why Courier font is used? 

It's a timing issue. One formatted script page in Courier font equals roughly one minute of screen time. That's why the average page count of a screenplay should come in between 90 and 120 pages. Comedies tend to be on the shorter side (90 pages, or 1 ½ hours) while Dramas run longer (120 pages, or 2 hours).

A screenplay can be an original piece, or based on a true story or previously written piece, like a novel, stage play or newspaper article. A screenplay is a blueprint for the film. 

Professionals on the set including the producer, director, set designer and actors all translate the screenwriter's vision using their individual talents. Since the creation of a film is ultimately a collaborative art, the screenwriter must be aware of each person's role and as such, the script should reflect the writer's knowledge.

The very nature of screenwriting is based on how to show a story on a screen, and pivotal moments can be conveyed through something as simple as a look on an actor's face. .

While screenplay formatting software such as Final Draft, Movie Magic Screenwriter, Movie Outline and Montage frees you from having to learn the nitty-gritty of margins and indents, it's good to have a grasp of the general spacing standards.

The top, bottom and right margins of a screenplay are 1". The left margin is 1.5". The extra half-inch of white space to the left of a script page allows for binding with brads. 

The entire document should be single-spaced.

FADE IN

The very first item on the first page should be the words FADE IN:. Note: the first page is never numbered. Subsequent page numbers appear in the upper right hand corner, 0.5" from the top of the page, flush right to the margin.

Ex: 

.

Scene Heading

Indent: Left: 0.0" Right: 0.0" Width: 6.0"

A scene heading is a one-line description of the location and time of day of a scene.   You can add additional details to the scene heading using a hyphen or [brackets]  after the time of day to designate things like [TRAVELING] for a car scene or [FLASHBACK] to denote it as a flashback.

Slug line

Another way to indicate a FLASHBACK is to place it on it’s own slug line before the Scene Heading. This is useful if the Flashback covers several scenes. Make sure to add an END FLASHBACK when coming out of it.

Other forms of slug lines exist that go inside your master scene. These slug lines act as special indicators and are useful for inserting special shots or for drawing out an important visuals. This is an example of using slug lines to indicate a text message received on a phone using the slugline 
“ON SCREEN” – we use the “JOHN” to come out of this screen shot.

INT

Subheader

When a new scene heading is not necessary, but some distinction needs to be made in the action, you can use a subheader. You would use the term INTERCUT and the scene locations.

Action

The narrative description of the events of a scene, written in the present tense. Also less commonly known as direction, visual exposition, blackstuff, description or scene direction.

Character

Indent: Left: 2.0" Right: 0.0" Width: 4.0"

When a character is introduced, his name should be capitalized within the action.

A character's name is CAPPED and always listed above his lines of dialogue. Minor characters may be listed without names, for example "TAXI DRIVER" or "CUSTOMER."

Dialogue

Lines of speech for each character. Dialogue format is used anytime a character is heard speaking, even for off-screen and voice-overs.

Parenthetical

A parenthetical is direction for the character, that is either attitude or action-oriented.  A parenthetical is a screenwriting technique of writing information about what a character is feeling or doing. For example, if a character should be feeling depressed, the screenwriter would write in the parenthetical . Screenwriters should be as descriptive as possible, but the information needs to be brief.

Ex of Parenthetical

To view an example of a parenthetical, see below:

                                                JOSEY
                                (crying and sleepy)
                Is it really time to leave?

                                                MARIA
                                (closely hugging Josey)
                I'm sorry, honey, but it is.

Again, the information needs to be as short as possible and used only sparingly.

source

Extension

An abbreviated technical note placed after the character's name to indicate how the voice will be heard onscreen, for example, if the character is speaking as a voice-over, it would appear as ANTONY (V.O.).

Transition

Transitions are film editing instructions, and generally only appear in a shooting script.  As a spec script writer, you should avoid using a transition unless there is no other way to indicate a story element.

Shot

 Like a transition, there's rarely a time when a spec screenwriter should insert shot directions, that's the director's job. 

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Sequence

The screenplay is comprised of a series of elements that can be compared to a system, a number of individually related parts arranged to form a unity, or whole:  Like the solar system.  A screenplay is really a system of sorts, comprised of specific parts that are related and unified by action, character, and dramatic premise. 

The screenplay, as a system, is made up of specific elements:  end­ings, beginnings, scenes, Plot Points, shots, special effects, locations, music, and sequences.

The sequence is perhaps the most important element of the screenplay. 

A sequence:  A sequence is a series of scenes connected by one single idea with a definite beginning, middle, and end.

It is a unit, or block, of dramatic action unified by one single idea. It is the skeleton, or backbone, of your script and, like the nature of structure itself, holds everything together.  like a chase sequence, wedding sequence, party sequence, fight sequence, love sequence, storm sequence.

You begin writing your screenplay, you need to know four things:  the opening, the Plot Point at the end of Act I, the Plot Point at the end of Act II,    and the ending.
Sequences can be written any way you want; they are a creative, limitless ..context within which to paint your picture against the can­vas of action.  Writing an action sequence is a definite skill, and good action scripts are written with color, pacing, suspense, tension, and, in most cases, humor.

 source : Syd field Screen play -The foundations of screen writing

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Evolutionary Theories

“Evolution” was one of the most exciting ideas of the 19th century. The naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin developed the concept of “Evolution” in his “Origin of Species – 1859.” Spencer, who is one of a  sociological giant of the 19th century, was captivated by the idea of evolution. He saw social evolution as “a set of stages through which all the societies moved from simple to the complex and from the homogenous to the heterogeneous.

Meaning of the Concept of “Evolution”:

The term “evolution” comes from the latin word “evolvere” which means “to develop” or to “unfold.” It closely corresponds to the Sanskrit word “Vikas”. It indicates changes from “within” and not from “without”-, it is sponta­neous, but not automatic. It implies continuous change that takes place especially in some structure.

Meaning of “Social Evolution”:

 “Social evolution” is used to explain the evolution of human society or  the evolution of man’s social relations. The theory of social evolution would explain the origin and development of man.

Many different theories were propounded to define and explain social change. Theories of nineteenth century may be divided into 

1. theories of social evolution (Saint-Simon, Comte, Spencer, Durkheim etc.) 
2. and theories of social revolution (Marx).

Evolutionary theories

Evolutionary theories are based on the assumption that societies gradually change from simple beginnings into even more complex forms. . According to them social change meant progress toward something better change as positive and beneficial. 

L.H Morgan believed that there were three basic stages in the process: savagery, barbarism and civilization.

 This evolutionary view of social change was highly influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of Organic Evolution. Herbert Spencer a British sociologist argued that society itself is an organism. He  applied Darwin's principle of the survival of the fittest to human societies. He said that society has been gradually progressing towards a better state. He argued that it has evolved from military society to the industrial society. He claimed that western races, classes or societies had survived and evolved because they were better adapted to face the conditions of life. This view known as social Darwinism got widespread popularity in the late 19th century. It survived even during the first phase of the 20th century. 

Karl Marx was one of the first social scientists to focus mainly on social class. His main focus on social class was that one's social class dictated one's social life.Basically, Marx meant that if one is in the upper class, life was one of leisure and abundance, while those in the lower class lived lives of hardship and poverty.

Marx wanted to better understand how so many people could be in poverty in a world where there was an abundance of wealth. His answer was simple: capitalism.

Capitalism is an economic system where the means of production is owned by private individuals. In this system, the economy and the use of resources are controlled by individual business owners and private companies. A capitalist system is also known as free market enterprise.The main focus of capitalism is profit - businesses exist to make money.  Essentially, the purpose of capitalism is the accumulation of as much wealth for the owners as possible.

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