What Is Perspective in Art?

Perspective is an art technique for creating an illusion of three-dimensions (depth and space) on a two-dimensional (flat) surface. Perspective is what makes a painting seem to have form, distance, and look "real." The same rules of perspective apply to all subjects, whether it's a landscape, seascape, still life, interior scene, portrait, or figure painting.

Perspective in Western art is often called linear perspective and was developed in the early 15th century. 

Viewpoint is the spot (point) from which you, the artist, is looking at  the scene. Linear perspective is worked out according to this viewpoint.

Vanishing lines are imaginary lines used to create accurate perspective in a painting. They are drawn on the top and bottom horizontal edges of an object, along the object and then extended to the horizon line. For instance, on a building, there would be a vanishing line along the top of the roof and the bottom of the wall(s). For a window, the top and bottom of the frame.

What’s an aesthetic perspective?

Aesthetic Perspectives themes will enable students to: Aerial or Atmospheric Perspective

What  Is  a  Vanishing  Point In Art?

The horizon is set at an infinite distance where two parallel lines converge. The converging point is called the vanishing point.

The number of vanishing points determines the characteristics of different types of perspective drawing techniques, one point, two point, and three point perspective technique

The Perspective Technique

Perspective technique is devised to draw three space onto the two dimensional flat plane. It is a technique to systematically draw the appearance of objects which diminish and converge as the distance increases from the viewer.

Three basic types of perspective –

one-point, two-point, and three-point -- refer to the number of vanishing points used to create the perspective illusion

One-point perspective consists of a single vanishing point and recreates the view when one side of the subject, such as a building, sits parallel to the picture plane

• The simplest way to see this is in a one-point perspective drawing. In it, all of the horizontal and vertical lines of the primary plane run straight with the paper. The lines that move away from us, the sides of boxes, the road we are on, or the railway lines in front of us, converge towards the center of the picture. These are called orthogonal lines, a term derived from mathematics. The center point is the vanishing point.

Two-point perspective

Two-point perspective uses one vanishing point on either side of the subject, such as a painting in which the corner of a building faces the viewer. Two-point perspective is the most commonly used.

• 

• In two-point perspective, our subject is angled so that each of the two sides, left and right, have their vanishing point..

1. Three-point perspective works for a subject viewed from above or below. Three vanishing points depict the effects of perspective occurring in three directions.
2. 
   

In a three-point perspective, each of the vanishing points can be even more extreme. This leads to a problem about where to place your vanishing points for reference.Artists have a few tricks to help them solve this issue. Many who have a great deal of experience simply imagine where their vanishing points are. This, however, comes with years of practice and a great understanding of correct perspective.

• 1.  Identify and describe the emotional, intellectual, psychological, and/or kinesthetic effects of their interactions with various forms of creative expression
• 2.      Analyze the structural components of various forms of creative expression
• 3.      Interpret forms of creative expression within various theoretical frameworks
• 4.      Analyze how products of creative expression reflect, respond to, and shape their social, religious, political, and/or intellectual contexts
• 5.      Analyze how cultural and personal aesthetic criteria affect the processes of creation and interpretation

 http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ijsts.s.2015030201.33.html

NON LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

The techniques provide visual effects which break the laws of the traditional linear perspective technique. The curvilinear projection technique is shown to be a visual simulation of lens distortions. The inverse perspective projection technique is introduced which reverses the effects of perspective technique

A wide variety of visual expression possible through the nonlinear perspective projection techniques, which enrich the visual work of computer graphics artists and designers

https://www.liveabout.com/definition-of-perspective-2577690

 

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Journalism is a ‘unique vocation

Journalism is not a profession – Journalism is a ‘unique vocation’ to serve the truth and hold a mirror to the contemporary happenings in a society

Journalism has always been looked upon as a mission to serve people —Primarily, it is a public service. 

Journalism has always been looked upon as a mission to serve people—Primarily,  it is a public service. Journalism is ultimately a ‘unique vocation’ to serve the truth and hold a mirror to the contemporary happenings in a society. The press has been described as the ‘Fourth Pillar’ and ‘Watchdog of Democracy’ because of the critical role it can play in protecting the interests of the people and moulding public opinion. 

The critical role journalism plays in protecting democracy and in serving the larger good of the society, the profession must maintain highest ethical, moral and reporting standards.

10 qualities to the journalists to be successful in JOURNALISM. They are: 

• Be Joyful
• Be Objective
• Be Unbiased
• Be Responsible
• Be a Nationalist
• Be Artistic
• Be a Lifelong Learner
• Be Inquisitive
• Be Strong
• Be Mindful 

Journalists enjoy certain privileges

While the press and journalists enjoy certain privileges like easy access to the corridors of power, these privileges reciprocally demand responsibilities from the Press and the journalists. They may make constructive criticism of the governmental policies, but at the same time they are morally and constitutionally obliged to strengthen the democratic institutions and respect the socio-cultural ethos. It should be remembered that the Freedom of Speech and Expression enshrined in our constitution is not absolute, but bound by reasonable restrictions. 

Over the years, the media has grown and the present media landscape is full of varieties and driven by market, competition and technology.  In this new ‘smart media environment’ with unprecedented flood of information, we need to be ‘smart media consumers’!  

In view of the critical role journalism plays in protecting democracy and in serving the larger good of the society, the profession must maintain highest ethical, moral and reporting standards. Journalists must never shirk from the core principles of journalism like independence and objectivity and shun unhealthy practices such as sensationalism. 

Of late, the undesirable practices of mixing news with views, partisan reportage and paid news have crept into journalism. The sooner such practices are eliminated the better it would be for journalists and the society at large. There should not be any compromise on the core values of journalism and practitioners of this profession must carry out their duties without fear or favour. 

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Beauty!

A popular quote from the 3^rd century and true to anything you happen to be beholding.

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 

PC: Dinamalar Reporter Muppudathi

From a subjective stance, beauty is what you make of it, what your preference is, what calls to your heart, soul and mind.

In objective view(Object views are often what society has decided is so.) is ' beauty means perfection, absolute precision and the essence of purity'.  

Leo Tolstoy, a Great Russian author, sums up art beautifully –
“The activity of art is based on the capacity of people to infect others with their own emotions and to be infected by the emotions of others. 
Strong emotions, weak emotions, important emotions or irrelevant emotions, good emotions or bad emotions – if they contaminate the reader, the spectator, or the listener – it attains the function of art.”

Winckelmann, a German Art Historian, 
claimed that beauty boiled down to three key factors 
The beauty of form,The beauty of an idea,The beauty of expression, which, he says, is only possible in the presence of the first two factors.

So then, beauty must be the highest form of expression and in turn, the highest aim of art.

Another visionary, Victor Cherbuliez, saw art as an activity which

• satisfies our innate love of images
• introduces ideas into these images
• And gives pleasure simultaneously to our senses, heart and reason. 

By his interpretation of art, beauty is then just an illusion.
 Beauty, possibly, doesn’t exist and there is no absolute beauty in this world.

Beauty is what we see as characteristic and harmonious.

Every piece of art, whether a painting, a vase or a statue, will have different colours, lines and textures which will appeal to your soul and heart.
What feelings these art pieces bring about in you, will in turn help you to decide whether the art is beautiful or not.

Source:

1. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/
2. https://www.fthinking.org/art-photo/beauty-art-creation/
3.  https://www.artway.eu/content.php?id=1090&lang=en&action=show
4. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/ 
5. https://www.theartist.me/design/what-beauty-art/
6. https://www.theartist.me/design/what-beauty-art/
7. https://www.fthinking.org/art-photo/beauty-art-creation/

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JOURNALISM AS A PROFESSION/Qualities of a Journalist

 The profession of journalism now attracts a lot of able and talented students.

                Qualities of a Journalist
Journalism requires a special bent of mind. 

The first requirement of journalism as a profession is a keen interest in current events or day to day happenings. 

• A journalist must understand political, social and economic movements going on in the country and abroad. 
• He must take active interest in current events and have a good understanding of history and geography to develop a proper perspective.  I
• In fact, a journalist has to be a well-read and learned man.   He must have a well-stocked mind. 
• He has to be awake, alert and active. 
• He must possess a sound memory. 
• He must have an analytical mind.               
• A journalist must have original thinking in the face of events that take place from time to time. 
• He has to interpret, explain and comment on events. 
• He must read extensively and assimilate facts. 
• A journalist has a noble task to perform. 
• He must present facts before the people. 
• He is an educator. 
• He has to form and build public opinion. 
• He must have an independent way of thinking. 
• He must have the courage of his conviction. 
• He must not be biased or prejudiced against anybody or any organisation. 
• He must have an insight into human mind. 
• He must live and move among people to study their mode of living.  A good journalist combines in him all these qualities of head and heart.
• A journalist must supposed to perform an important social duty. 

His duty is to educate the masses properly in respect of their rights and duties. 

Also, he has to present, the facts of day-to-day life without and bias or interest. 

He has to keep his own personal prejudices away from what he is writing. 

He should guard against being exploited by those who are in power. 

Political influence or the power of wealth should not frighten or force a journalist into writing with some hidden motive. 

This requires a lot of courage, a strong conviction and a true sense of patriotism and humanism.

A good journalist is never distort facts, spread baseless rumours and exaggerates things

               Journalism is a noble and challenging profession Journalism is a developing and expanding profession.   In the wake of multi-channel T.V. programmes, journalism is holding a great promise to honest young man and woman. Those who are good at creative writing should adopt journalism as a profession or as a hobby.  

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FAMILY, VALUES,TYPES

According to Burgess and Locke, “Family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption; consisting a single household, interacting and intercommunicating with each other in their social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister creating a common culture”

According to Elliot and Meril, “Family is the biological social unit composed of husband, wife and children.

Family includes parents, siblings, spouse, and children, grandparents, cousins, aunts & uncles, nephews, nieces etc.

Families are of different sizes — nuclear , joint family. Due to the vastly different structures in family and child raising practices, there is no universal influence on the individual.

Types of Family:

Though family is a universal institution, its structure or form varies from one society to another. Sociologists and anthropologists have mentioned about different types of families found in different cultures.

Classification of families is generally done on the basis of organisation (nuclear and joint), forms of marriage (monogamous or polygamous), authority (matriarchal or patriarchal) and residence etc. Types of Families in India Family may be broadly defined as a unit of two or more persons united by marriage, blood, adoption, or consensual union, in general consulting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other (Desai, 1994)

Nuclear Family:

The nuclear family is the traditional type of family structure. The nuclear family is a unit composed of husband, wife and their unmarried children. This is the predominant form in modern industrial societies. This type of family is based on companionship between parents and children.

This is also known as the conjugal family or family of procreation and comprised of married partners and their offspring. In this type of nuclear family, there is one parent with dependent children.

Single Parent Family

This consists of one parent raising one or more children on his own. The single parent family consists of one parent raising one or more children on her/his own. The single parent family is the biggest change society has seen in terms of the changes in family structures. Single parent families are generally close and find ways to work together to solve problem, such as dividing up household chores. This limits income and opportunities in many cases, although many single parent families have support from relatives and friends.

Joint family/ Extended family

If two or more nuclear families live together under a common shelter, and share a common hearth, and a common purse, then this type of family is known as joint family.

The term extended family is used to indicate the combination of two or more nuclear families based on an extension of the parent-child relationships. According to Murdck, an extended family consists of two or more nuclear families affiliated through an extension of the parent-child relationship … i.e. by joining the nuclear family of a married adult to that of his parents.

The patrilineally extended family is based on an extension of the father-son relationship, while the matrilineally extended family is based on the mother-daughter relationship.

The extended family may also be extended horizontally to include a group consisting of two or more brothers, their wives and children. This horizontally extended family is called the fraternal or collateral family. In India, the family weather extended vertically and/or horizontally is called the joint family. The joint family consists of a man and his wife and their adult sons, their wives and children and younger children of the paternal couple, says M.S. Gore.The size of joint family is very large. Generally, the eldest male is the head of the family.

Dependent family

Dependent family member means a natural, adoptive, or step-child, parent, or sibling of the institutionalized individual who is or could be claimed as a dependent for the most recent federal tax year by the institutionalized individual, the institutionalized individual's spouse, or the couple. Dependent family member of students and faculty/staff may use the facility during regular hours provided they are accompanied by the member.

Broken Family

A broken family can negatively affect all domains of your child’s development. The effects of a broken family on a child’s development depend on numerous factors, including the age of the child at the time of parents’ separation, and on the personality and family relationships. Although infants and young children may experience few negative developmental effects, older children and teenagers may experience some problems in their social, emotional and educational functioning.

A family is important because our mental growth, well-being, and stability all depend on our family. .This is the first social group that shapes the personality of an individual.The mission of our family is to create a nurturing place of faith, order, truth, love, happiness, and relaxation, and to provide opportunity for each individual to become responsibly independent, and effectively interdependent, in order to serve worthy purposes in society."

·         A family allows  all its members feel safe,  connected to one another, protected, accepted and loved despite our shortcomings.

·         Family provides comfort of having people during tough times, helping us to manage our stress.

·         Families are the basic units that teach children about relationships. Children brought up in a healthy family will be able to form better bonds outside their home.

·         Conflicts in family teach children a respectful way to resolve problems in the future.

·         A strong family is all a person needs to become confident in life.

What Are The Characteristics Of A Strong Family?

Each family is different. But all strong families have some common features. A few of them are listed below:

  Have good communication. A healthy family talks and listens to its every member.

· Share a feeling of togetherness. The members of the family share common beliefs and, therefore, feel connected to each other and yields psychological affirmation.

·  Spend time with each other. They enjoy playing, camping, dining out or simply discussing politics.

·   Show care and affection to every member. The members have kind words to say each other.

·   Support its members. The world might be against you, but your family is with you.

·   Focus on every member’s well-being. The family members work as a team to protect and provide for each other. Only the feeling of mutual love can motivate people into compromising on their comforts for the happiness of their family.

·   Show resilience. Every family goes through ups and downs in their lives and share a painful experience together.

How to Build Strong Family Relationships?

1. Spend quality time

2. Maintain good communication with everyone in the family

3. Appreciate everyone in the family

4. Acknowledge and celebrate each other’s talents, differences and strengths

5. Stay focused on the current problem

6. Work like a team

7. Establish clear family rules

8. Teach children to forgive and make amends

FAMILY VALUES

 A family constitutes people who are related to each other and share an emotional bond and similar values. Family members can be related by birth, marriage, or adoption Values, traditions and healthy relationships can strengthen a family bond. Family values are building blocks that provide strong moral and ethical principles for the entire family. It is helping to better each individual member within the family.

The family values are instilled for children such as love, guidance, care, motivation, morals, religion, education, traditions, marriage, consequences, and communication. Family values are intended to teach children, taught shapes their personality and as a source of guidance for life.

Values are often a guide for the decisions making in our life.

Every family will have follows different categories of values .

·  In home family members are obedient, kind, caring, compassionate, independent and responsible.”

·    A family values include social, political, religious, work, moral and      recreational values.

·    Create a positive environment.

·    Welcome new opinions.

·    An environment like this will encourage children to speak up without fear of judgment.

 Source

http://fgcnow.org/how-does-dependency-impact-the-family/

http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2017/vol3issue2/PartG/3-2-106-798.pdf

https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/you/76974-the-effect-of-a-broken-family

https://www.momjunction.com/articles/family-relationship_00460134/#gref

https://stopmedicineabuse.org/blog/details/family-values-support-healthy-relationships/

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Family-as-a-Primary-Agent-P3YVP9EJ8MRA

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