NEWS AGENCY

News agency, also called press agency, press association, wire service, or news service, organization that gathers, writes, and distributes news from around a nation or the world to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters, government agencies, and other users. It does not generally publish news itself but supplies news to its subscribers, who, by sharing costs, obtain services they could not otherwise afford. All the mass media depend upon the agencies for the bulk of the news, even including those few that have extensive news-gathering resources of their own.

The news agency has a variety of forms. In some large cities, newspapers and radio and television stations have joined forces to obtain routine coverage of news about the police, courts, government offices, and the like. National agencies have extended the area of such coverage by gathering and distributing stock-market quotations, sports results, and election reports. A few agencies have extended their service to include worldwide news. The service has grown to include news interpretation, special columns, news photographs, audiotape recordings for radio broadcast, and often videotape or motion-picture film for television news reports. Many agencies are cooperatives, and the trend has been in that direction since World War II.

Under this form of organization, individual members provide news from their own circulation areas to an agency pool for general use. In major news centres the national and worldwide agencies have their own reporters to cover important events, and they maintain offices to facilitate distribution of their service.

The major press associations in the United States have expanded their service to include entertainment features, and some feature syndicates provide straight news coverage as a part of their service. The Newspaper Enterprise Association distributes both news and features in the United States.

Despite the plethora of news services, most news printed and broadcast throughout the world each day comes from only a few major agencies, the three largest of which are the Associated Press in the United States, Reuters in Great Britain, and Agence France-Presse in France. Only these and a few others have the financial resources to station experienced reporters in all areas of the world where news develops regularly (in order to ensure access to well-organized transmission facilities) or to send them wherever news develops unexpectedly. These agencies are also equipped to distribute the service almost instantaneously.

The world agencies have established a variety of relationships with other agencies and with individual news media. Most of them purchase the news services of national or local agencies to supplement news gathered by their own staff representatives at key points. Reuters, like the Agence France-Presse, supplies a worldwide news file to be distributed by some national agencies along with their domestic news reports. The American services more often contract to deliver their service directly to individual users abroad.

PROFILE OF NEWS AGENCIES

The Press Trust of India

The Press Trust of India Founded in 1949, PTI has, with largest domestic newspaper clients with 450 Indian newspapers . PTI provides news coverage in both English and Hindi Language Press Trust of India disseminate news with high tech technology end by using own satellite, , to broadcast news and information Agency offering computerized operations. The agency has news exchange arrangement with the with 100 news agencies of nation like the U.S., U.K., gulf region, European nations, Caribbean nations , African nations and also deployed agency correspondence on major international country capital., It has tie-up with 100 news.The news agency for cost cutting mechanism has tie up with a IT company for storage of news agency database .

Press Trust of India (PTI)

·         PTI is India’s premier news agency, headquartered in New Delhi and is a nonprofit cooperative of more than 500 Indian newspapers. It employs more than 400 journalists and 500 stringers to cover almost every district and small town in India. Collectively, they put out more than 2,000 stories and 200 photographs a day. It’s Hindi service is called Bhasha.

·         PTI correspondents are based in all important news centers around the world. It also has tie-up with several foreign news agencies. Currently, PTI commands 90% of new agency market share in India.

·         PTI was registered in 1947 and started functioning in 1949. PTI is run by a Board of Directors with the Chairmanship going by rotation at the Annual General Meeting. The day-to-day administration and management of PTI is headed by the CEO, who is also the Editor-in-Chief. It’s board of directors includes owner/editor of most of the leading publications in India like, Vineet Jain, Aveek Sarkar, Viveck Goenka, N Ravi etc.

United News of India

UNI Established in 1961, UNI became one of the leading news agency in Indian domestic market but have distinction that first Indian agency to generate revenue from international subscriber and pan Indian presence and international foot print in for news flow its Hindi version also a very good reputation in the area of Hindi news agencies journalism

IANS Indo-Asian News Service

IANS an internationally news content supplier platforms, an news resource on India and South Asia. It is a leading a south Asian region news agency delivered the news from India, South Asia region. IANS is an intergraded news agency with presence of publishing outsources, a multimedia content provider services.

·         IANS was established in 1986, initially to serve as an information bridge between India and its diaspora in North America. Today it is a full-fledged, 24X7 agency based in Delhi-NCR (Noida), putting out the real-time news from India, South Asia and news of this region around the world.

·         IANS is divided into six strategic business units: IANS English, IANS Hindi, IANS Publishing, IANS Business Consultancy, IANS Solutions, and IANS Mobile.

·         Its client list includes a range of print publications, television news channels, websites, ethnic publications abroad, government ministries, foreign missions, private sector players, and multilateral institutions.

·         Tarun Basuis the Chief Editor and Director of the IANS.

Asian News International (ANI)

Asian News International ANI is has hundred news bureau in India .To deliver news content to television channels, radio stations, newspapers, websites with excellent input in form of video-audio, text and picture content. Agency also provides service to foreign and domestic channels to package their reports in India and uplink via satellite.

·         ANI is South Asia ‘s leading multimedia news agency with over 100 bureaus in India , South Asia and across the globe.

·         ANI has established itself as a ‘complete content house’ providing text, video and picture content for TV, print, mobile and online media.

·         ANI also provide a range of facilities for foreign and domestic channels to package their reports in India and uplink via satellite. These include provision of professional crews, editing and post production facilities, access to archives, uplinking facilities, coordinators, producers and correspondents, as per requirement.

·         ANI services includes loosely edited news feeds and customized programmes for television channels, audio bytes for radio stations, live web casting and streamed multimedia / text content for websites and mobile carriers, and news wire services for newspapers, magazines and websites.

Hindustan Samachar

·         The Hindusthan Samacharwas formed on 1st Dec. 1948, and provide news in 14 Indian languages. It’s subscribers includes AIR, Doordarshan, various State Governments, Nepal Radio and a number of regional papers.

·         Presently the service is being provided in Hindi, Marathi, Gujrati, Nepali, Oriya, Asamiya, Kannad, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Sindhi, Sanskrit, Punjabi and Bangla. The service is fully based on the web internet technology. The subscriber can either downloaded the next or convert it into E-mail format.

·         In India this agency has offices in all the states. The news circulated in all the Indian languages by Hindusthan Samachar could be checked on the Website www.hindusthansamachar.com

Associated Press

 American multinational agency established in the year 1846. It  is an  nonprofit news agency . Associated Press network is exists in all major international city & country around the all continental.

·         AP is a non-profit cooperative organization established in 1846 in NewYork

·         AP was created by the coalescing of 5 dailies and is now owned by a large number of US newspapers and radio and T.V. Stations

·         It operates 243 bureaus in nearly 120 countries, with an international staff located worldwide

·         It is sustained by the subscription fees that it charges its media clients
spread all over the world

·         Its website claims that on any given day more than half of the world’s population consumes the news provided by AP

·         Associated Press also operates the Associated Press Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice an hour and offers news and public affairs features, feeds of news sound bites, and long form coverage of major events. It also operates Associated Press Television News (APTN), a global video news agency.

Reuter

The Reuters news agency has been an outcome of Thomson Reuters. Reuters was established in 1851 & it footprints in 250 nations most of the top language of the world.  Reuters‘ agency has built a dominant image in the news agency journalism worldwide . Reuters has very strong subscription base in all the continent in Reuter started news service initially as electric telegraphy , carrier pigeons in his network.

·         Founded by the Paul Julius Reuter (A German National) in 1851

·         From the 1860 -1914; Reuters was an imperial organization, the semi-official institution of the British Empire

·         From the American Civil War to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Reuters was the first to break the news and thereby it established a reputation of being a credible deliverer of information in real time

·         It is a major provider of commercial information like foreign exchange rates, stock exchange prices, commodity prices etc.

·         Reuters is listed on both the London and New York stock exchange

·         Reuters receives only 10% of its revenues from the subscription, whereas the 90% of it comes from the clients of its financial services

·         Headquartered in London, the organization was acquired by the Thomson Corporation in 2008 and is now owned by Thomson Reuters

Interfax

Interfax news agency founded in 1989. It is top most new s agency of Russia from the private sectors and counted as the top news agencies of the world.

Agence France Presse

AFP is France based leading news agencies of the world founded in 1835 . It is the largest and leading news agency based in France. It covers almost 180 countries under it s news content delivery network in multilingual mode.

Agence France-Presse (AFP)

·         AFP is an oldest international news agency headuartered in Paris

·         AFP has regional offices in Nicosia, Montevideo, Hong Kong, and Washington, D.C., and bureaux in 150 countries

·         It transmits news in French, English, Arabic, Portguese, Spanish & German

·         AFP is a non profit autonomous public corporation chartered under a specific 1957 law, operating commercially and independently of the French government

·         AFP is administered by a CEO and a board comprising 15 members; among them 8 are representative of the French Press, 2 are AFP personnel, 2 are from public services of Radio and Television and 3 are from the public service subscribing to the agency, named by prime minister, minister of finances and minister of foreign affairs. The board elects the CEO for a renewable term of 3 years

·         The primary client of AFP is the French Government, who purchases subscription for its various services. In practice, those subscription are somewhat a subsidy to AFP

United Press International

United Press International It is founded in 1907 and leading news agency of USA . United Press International is one of the leading news agencies of the world and deliver quality news content in multimedia format at all major world destination . The analytical outcome of economic so much practical as policies of certain company are formulate on the news input of agency. UPI is integrated news agency as it have its news papers, radio and news websites.

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Registrar of Newspapers for India-RNI

 Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI)was established on 1 July 1956, on the recommendation of the First Press Commission in 1953 and by amending the Press and Registration of Books Act 1867. It is a  statutory body of Ministry of Information,.  and Broadcasting for the registration of the publications, such as newspapers and magazines, in India  

The Press and Registration of Books Act contains the duties and functions of the RNI. On account of some more responsibilities entrusted upon RNI during all these years, the office is performing both statutory as well as some non-statutory functions.

The Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India is headquartered in New Delhi, and has five regional offices at Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bhopal and Guwahati. RNI regulates and monitors printing and publication of newspapers based on the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 

The Press and Registration of Books Act contains the duties and functions of the RNI. Online registration system was formally inaugurated in 2004 by the Information and Broadcasting Minister S. Jaipal Reddy.

HISTORY OF REGISTRAR OF NEWSPAPERS FOR INDIA

STATUTORY FUNCTIONS:

NON-STATUTORY FUNCTIONS:

STATUTORY FUNCTIONS

1. Compilation and maintenance of a Register of Newspapers containing particulars about all the newspapers published.

1. Issue of Certificate of Registration to the newspapers published under valid declaration;

1. Scrutiny and analysis of annual statements sent by the publishers of newspapers every year under Section 19-D of the Press and Registration of Books Act containing information on circulation, ownership etc;

1. Informing the District Magistrates about availability of titles, to intending publishers for filing declaration;

1. Ensuring that newspapers are published in accordance with the provisions of the Press and Registration of Books Act 1867 and the Rules made there under.

1. Verification under Section 19-F of the PRB Act, of circulation claims furnished by the publishers in their Annual Statements; and

1. Preparation and submission to the Government on or before 31st December each year, a report containing all available information and statistics about the press in India with particular reference to the emerging trends in circulation and in the direction of common ownership units etc.

1. Formulation of Newsprint Allocation Policy - Guidelines and issue of Eligibility Certificate to the newspapers to enable them to import newsprint and to procure indigenous newsprint.

1. Assessing and certifying the essential need and requirement of newspaper establishments to import printing and composing machinery and allied materials.

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Press Institute of India (PII)

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The Press Institute of India (PII) founded in 1963.  It is an independent non-profit organisation established to create and sustain high and responsible standards of journalism. Its present director is journalist  Shashi Nair 

Training and other activities

The Press Institute of India's (PII’s) is providing  training workshops for journalists . It is  focused on a range of issues – from development journalism, women empowerment and child rights to national security, foreign policy and plain writing-reporting-editing. The objective is to equip them with better reporting and writing skills, and to empower them better.

This is to encourage coverage of vital issues affecting the lives of the majority of r people, which mainstream media is really not in a position to cover substantially.

Over the years, PII has trained thousands of journalists from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and other parts of Asia. PII was the nodal agency for sending reporters, subeditors and photographers for training to the Thomson Foundation, UK.

Collaborations

PII has had  collaborations with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the Ford Foundation, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, UNICEF, Press Foundation of Asia. They have been notable collaborations – with the British Council, Thomson Foundation, Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Oxfam (GB), Sir Dorabji Tata Trust, International Council for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims, and International Red Cross.

Research Institute for Newspaper Development (RIND)

RIND was established under the Registration of Societies Act in 1979 with the joint efforts of seven newspaper publishers and editors – the Ananda Bazar Patrika, The Hindu, Malayala Manorama, Deccan Herald, Nai Dunia, Andhra Patrika and Gujarat Samachar. The initiative is  taken by C.G.K. Reddy after he had retired from The Hindu as business manager.  Reddy became the institution’s first director, and editor of its publication RIND Survey, a monthly that focuses more on the technical aspects of the newspaper and news publishing business. In recent years, this has expanded to include developments in television, the Internet and social or new media.

RIND  has  been also conducting workshops for the technical staff in news publishing houses, equipping them with knowledge relating to developments in the field and the necessary skills to function effectively. 

http://www.pressinstitute.in/

pdfpdf-survey report

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Depression

Depression is arguably one of the most difficult disorders to cope with on a daily basis.Depression is a common mental disorder that causes people to experience depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration.

• Depression seems to be more common among women than men.
• Symptoms include lack of joy and reduced interest in things that used to bring a person happiness.
• Life events, such as bereavement{Bereavement is the state of loss when someone close to you has died.}, produce mood changes that can usually be distinguished from the features of depression.
• The causes of depression are not fully understood but are likely to be a complex combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors.

Depression can happen to anyone. Many successful and famous people who seem to have everything going for them battle with this problem. Depression also affects people of every age.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the most common illness worldwide and the leading cause of disability. They estimate that 350 million people are affected by depression, globally.

According to the World Health Organization, India is one of the most depressed countries in the world. While around 9% of people in the country say they have experienced extended periods of depression at least once within their lifetime, nearly 36% have suffered from Major Depressive Episodes (MDE).

Going to see a doctor for depression should ideally be as normal as visiting a physician for diabetes. But our society does not consider it “normal” because there is a stigma attached to mental health issues.

Signs and symptoms

• Tiredness and loss of energy.
• Sadness that doesn’t go away. 
• Loss of self-confidence and self-esteem. 
• Difficulty concentrating. 
• Not being able to enjoy things that are usually pleasurable or interesting. 
• Feeling anxious all the time. 
• Avoiding other people, sometimes even your close friends. 
• Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. 
• Sleeping problems - difficulties in getting off to sleep or waking up much earlier than usual.
• Very strong feelings of guilt or worthlessness. 
• Finding it hard to function at work/college/school. 
• Loss of appetite. 
• Loss of sex drive and/or sexual problems. 
• Physical aches and pains. 
• Thinking about suicide and death. 
• Self-harm

If you experience four or more of these symptoms for most of the day - every day - for more than two weeks, you should seek help from your GP.

Causes

The causes of depression are not fully understood and may not be down to a single source. Depression is likely to be due to a complex combination of factors that include:

Depression has a wide range of causes and potential treatments.

• genetics
• biological - changes in neurotransmitter levels
• environmental
• psychological and social (psychosocial)

Some people are at higher risk of depression than others; risk factors include:

• Life events: These include bereavement, divorce, work issues, relationships with friends and family, financial problems, medical concerns, or acute stress.
• Personality: Those with less successful coping strategies, or previous life trauma are more susceptible[capable or admitting ].
• Genetic factors: Having a first-degree relatives with depression increases the risk.
• Childhood trauma.
• Some prescription drugs: These include corticosteroids, some beta-blockers, interferon, and other prescription drugs.
• Abuse of recreational drugs: Abuse of alcohol, amphetamines, and other drugs are strongly linked to depression.
• A past head injury.
• Having had one episode of major depression: This increases the risk of a subsequent one.
• Chronic pain syndromes: These and other chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease make depression more

 Types of depression

There are several types of depression, some of which are listed below.

Mild depression

Depression is described as mild when it has a limited negative effect on your daily life. For example, you may have difficulty concentrating at work or motivating yourself to do the things you normally enjoy.

Major depression

Major depression interferes with an individual’s daily life - with eating, sleeping and other everyday activities. It can lead to hospital admission, if the person is so unwell they are at risk of harm to themselves.

Bi-polar disorder

The mood swings in bi-polar disorder can be extreme - from highs, where the individual feels extremely overjoyed , where they may experience complete despair, tiredness and suicidal feelings. Sometimes people have very severe symptoms where they cannot make sense of their world and do things that seem odd or illogical. 

Postnatal depression

Many new mothers experience what are sometimes called 'baby blues' a few days after the birth. These feelings of anxiety and lack of confidence are very distressing but in most cases last only a couple of weeks. Post-natal depression is more intense and lasts longer. It can leave new mothers feeling completely overwhelmed, inadequate and unable to cope. They may have problems sleeping, panic attacks or an intense fear of dying. They may also experience negative feelings towards their child. It affects one in ten mothers and usually begins two to three weeks after the birth.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

SAD is associated with the start of winter and can last until spring when longer days bring more daylight. When it is mild, it is sometimes called ‘winter blues’. SAD can make the sufferer feel anxious, stressed and depressed. It may interfere with their moods and with their sleeping and eating patterns.

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistently low mood and a feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It is a persistent problem, not a passing one, lasting on average 6 to 8 months.

Diagnosis starts with a consultation from a mental health expert.

Diagnosis of depression starts with a consultation with a doctor or mental health specialist. It is important to seek the help of a health professional to rule out different causes of depression, ensure an accurate differential diagnosis, and secure safe and effective treatment.

celebrities died due to depression

https://ritely.com/suicidal-celebrities/

anthony+bourdain+books

why-did-anthony-bourdain-commit-suicide

https://edition.cnn.com/videos/travel/2018/05/30/explore-parts-unknown-hong-kong-ron-1.cnntravel
pdf
https://www.getselfhelp.co.uk/docs/DepressionSelfHelp.pdf
worksheet

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