3. The Subject of screen Play

What do you need to write a screenplay?

 An idea, of course, but you can't sit down to write a script with just an idea in mind. You need a subject to embody and dramatize the idea.

A subject is defined as an action and a character. An action is what the story is about, and a character is who the story is about.

Every screenplay dramatizes an action and a character. Knowing your subject is the starting point of writing the screen­play. Every screenplay has a subject.When you can articulate your subject in a few sentences, in terms of action and character, you're ready to begin expanding the elements of structure and story.. Just keep doing it, and you will be able to articulate your story idea clearly and concisely.

How do you go about finding a subject?

An idea in a newspaper or on the TV news or an incident that might have happened to a friend or relative can be the subject of a movie. t's very simple. Trust yourself. Just start looking for an action and a character.

When you can express your idea succinctly in terms of action and character—my story is about this person, in this place, doing his/her "thing"—you're beginning the preparation of your screenplay.

The next step is expanding your subject.

Research is absolutely essential. All writing entails research, and research means gathering information. Remember, the hardest part of writing is knowing what to write.

Research is essential in writing a screenplay. Once you choose your subject, and can state it briefly in a sentence or two, you can begin preliminary research. Determine where you can go to  in­crease your knowledge of the subject. Dur­ing the screenplay, and gaining clarity about that need allows you to be more complex, more dimensional, in your character portrayal.There are two kinds of research. 

By doing research—whether in written sources such as books, magazines, or newspapers or through personal interviews—you ac­quire information. The information you collect allows you to oper­ate from the position of choice, confidence, and responsibility.

1 text research. 
That means going to the library and pulling out books and newspaper and magazine articles and reading about a period, people, a profes­sion, or whatever.

2.Live Research

It  means going to the source—doing live interviews, talking to people, getting a "feel" for the subject. If it is necessary or possible to conduct per­sonal interviews. They can give you a more immediate and spontaneous slant than a book, newspaper, or magazine story.

The principle rule of storytelling bears repetition: The more you know, the more you can communicate.

Research gives you ideas, a sense of people, situation, and locale. It allows you to gain a degree of confidence so you are always on top of your subject, operating from choice, not necessity or ignorance.

Start with your subject. When you think subject, think action and character..There are two kinds of action—

physical action and emotional action.

Physical action can be a battle sequence; or a race, or competition, or fight, fed by revenge,

Emotional action is what happens inside your characters during the story. Most films contain both kinds of action, physical and emotional.

Define the dramatic need of your character.
 Source: The Foundations of Screenwriting Book 

What does your character want? What is his/her need? What drives him to the reso­lution of your story? 



source http://www.frontline.in/other/not-art-for-arts-sake/article6808027.ece In Veedu the heroin want t build a home for their own, We must define the need of your character. What does he/she want?In Veedu Sutha want to build a home. . That is her need.The need of your character gives you a goal, a des­tination, an ending to your story. How your character achieves or does not achieve that goal becomes the action of your story.

All drama is conflict.  If you know the need of your character, you can create obstacles to fulfill that need. How he/she overcomes those obstacles is your story. Conflict, struggle, overcoming obstacles, both inside and outside, are the primary ingredients in all drama—in comedy, too. It is the writer's responsibility to generate enough conflict to keep the reader, or the audience, interested. The job of the screenwriter is to keep the reader turning pages. The story always has to move for­ward, toward its resolution.

To knowing your subject. If you know the action and character of your screenplay, you can define the need of the character and then create obstacles to that need.  It is the fuel that feeds the story engine.

Without conflict, there is no action. Without action, there is no character. Action is Character. What a person does is what he is, not what he says!

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is Newton's Third Law of Motion, a natural law of the universe. The same principle applies to your story. It is the subject of your screenplay.As an exercise, find a subject you want to explore in screenplay form.

If need be, look through the daily newspaper to see if a per­son, or incident, or situation grabs your attention. Think about how you might want to structure your story, then reduce it to a few sentences in terms of action and character, then write it out. Remember, it may take you a few pages to find out what you want to do, and another page or two to clarify it, but then you'll be able to eliminate the unnecessary and focus on your subject.

Source : Syd field, P - 31-42,

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Social media -Youth culture

Social media is a term used to describe the interaction between groups or individuals in which they produce, share, and sometimes exchange ideas over the internet and in virtual communities. The impact of social networks on young people is significant. Children are growing up surrounded by mobile devices and interactive social networking sites such as Twitter, MySpace, and Facebook, which has made the social media a vital aspect of their life. It have many facilities on same channel like as communicating ,texting, images sharing , audio and video sharing , fast publishing, linking with all over world, direct connecting. It is also cheapest fast access to the world so it is very important for all age of peopleSocial network is transforming the manner in which young people interact with their parents, peers, as well as how they make use of technology. Its use is increasing day by day with high rate in all over the world. Majority of youth is shifting speedily from electronic media like as television viewers and radio listeners to the social media among all age of group. It is estimated that there are 80 percent of teen Internet users

According to Merriam Webster  Youth is very important for future of any nation and country’s progress and development. Now a day Social media is essential for youth in the field of education to learn new trends in education, to improve writing and communicating skills, cultural promoting, religious and political information gathering and sharing links, better living style, growth and development of society (Merriam Encyclopedia, 2001).

The effects of social networking are twofold. On the positive side, and on the negative side, There are also a lot of benefits that come from social media and the internet for teenagers. Social media having various impacts on youth’s life in both ends some time impacts are in the favor of youth’s social life and sometimes theses impact are negative to its user

1.    Keep In Touch 

Social media or networking is a great tool for connecting people together. We can touch in touch with our family and friends by using social network and we can  sharing photos, messages, videos, etc..it is easier for you to keep in touch with people in another country through Internet.

Source Of Learning & Education

Students  can go to Internet and learn or exchange knowledge. In internet we are provided by  lots of topic and sources that we can get there. Due to the “sharing” option, social networking sites gives people a chance to share informative articles, videos with each other. Moreover, it can help us reach out to their coaches, academic experts, and teachers easily and collaborate with their peers on school subjects.

Save Time And Money

We can stay at home and do some works and search some useful information without going to book store or going to college. We can get more certificates via online courses. Teenagers or youth improve knowledge just with network at their home. 

.Friends

Empathy

On the social networking sites, we tend to share our lives, both the ups and downs, with those people we think will care. They will listen to what you have posted and assist you in dealing with problems you are facing.

Build Relationships

There is no doubt to say that social network could lead to the formation of new relationships. Networking sites could help foster friendships and perhaps more besides.

 Encourage Community Participation

We can contribute our own opinions as well as thoughts on certain subjects and themes that interest them. By taking part in discussions, we will engage in positive self-expression.

Improve Self-Confidence

In fact, Facebook good comments and likes tend to be strongly positive. In those pick-me-up days, people can check their personal profiles and automatically get affirmation, self-confidence, self-esteem, and validation.  Youth can personalize their profile; thus, they might experience a sense of independence. Youth can able to share their own ideas, or interacts with other people, they also participate in groups that help them “fit in” as well as foster their identity.

II.  Effects Of Social Media – Top Negative Effects Of Social Networks

Addiction 

social medial can let us be addictive. We can spend hours on the Internet, read news, play games, or work on that. Many people particularly cannot go far away from the computer. Instead of learning on social sites, youth can use network to do other works and they can stay with Internet all day long.

Increased Violence

Social media can increase risks of violence and sex abuse due to some sites. Teenagers or youth watch videos, read bad news will relate to negative action.

Increased Threats 

One of the negative effects of social medial is increased threats. As the result, be careful with everything you upload or download.

Increased Comparison 

Increases comparison belongs to common negative effects of social media on youth. Actually, you can find lots of information affecting to your life and work. So you will have comparison and that is a negative effect. This action will change your behavior and increase bad comparisons to other people.

Increased Alcohol Use 

A study reports that there is a close relationship between drug or alcohol use, social media, and teenagers. 70% of teenagers use tobacco, alcohol. Sitting in front of computer and they tend to use more alcohol and tobacco. 

Make Us Unhappy 

Social media reduce our moods and it can make us unhappy. Online relations will not last as we  have a true relationship with friend in true life.

Overwork For Brain 

There is a trend to almost of the users when they use social media – overwork for our brain. If you use Internet in almost of free time, you will increase tasks for your brain and cause tiredness. Our brain cannot have enough capacity to control and manage all the tasks.

A Fall Sense Of Connection

Though social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter boost the connections among people, they still bring a fall sense of connection to some of them. Social media sites fails to distinguish the meaningful relationships they foster in the real world, and the numerous casual relationships formed via social media. 

Reduced Productivity

Today, a lot of sites also provide a huge distraction to students who might show more interest in what their friends are posting than their tasks. As a result, they will be less productive than normal. 

Affect Self-Esteem

Comments and likes on Facebook can boost our self-esteem, but in some cases, it also affects negatively our self-esteem, too. People often look at others’ social networking sites, admire their clothes, lifestyles, or even relationships. Sometimes, they wish their own lives were as great as others. This problem is not taken into consideration and people will end up feeling miserable which could at times, lead to low self-esteem, and depression.

Cyber-Bullying 

Cyber-bullying has become a main issue for teenagers in recent years. The online attacks could leave deep emotional scars, victims might be driven to suicide. The anonymity afforded online could bring out dark impulses which may otherwise be suppressed. Cyber-bullying is popular among youth in recent days.

Spend More Money

It is said that heavy social media use may be correlated to lower self-control that marketing experts commonly believe will lead to higher spending. Ultimately, how people counteract this is by increasing their self-awareness.

 Distraction

One of the main disadvantages of social networking is the distraction in daily life. The majority of people could not go an hour without checking for updates and this could cause us to get distracted from what is actually important in life. Therefore, instead of concentrating in work, family, and school, people tend to spend the majority of their time on looking for the status updates, photographs, or headlines. 

Alter The Appetite

Negative effects of social media on the human life.  In reality, one research suggested that even looking at food images after your meal could trigger hunger.

Isolation

People will spend increasing amounts of time on social networks, they experience less face-to-face interaction. Social isolation can impair brain hormones, which is similar reason socially isolated people experience tremendous levels of stress, anxiety aggression, and other emotional issues.

Source: http://vkool.com/effects-of-social-media/

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Common Perceptual Tendencies

ATTRIBUTION
It is the process of attaching meaning to behaviour. We attribute meaning to both our actions and actions of others.  but we usually use different yardsticks. Attribution is a one of biggest problem  and interfere with understanding and agreement.

WE MAKE SNAP JUDGEMENT
There are many cases when judging others without enough knowledge or information can get into trouble.. Snap judgement become particularly problematic when they are based on stereo typing. Stereotypes based on primitive categories like race genderThe ego centric tendency  and age.

WE OFTEN JUDGE OURSELVES MORE CHARITABLE THAN WE JUDGE OTHERS
We have the self serving bias.  when others suffer we often blame the problem on their personal qualities. On other hand when we suffer we find explanation outside ourselves. We trend to judge ourselves in the most generous terms as possible.

WE PAY MORE ATTENTION TO NEGATIVE IMPRESSION THAN POSITIVE ONES
Attitude make sense. People are ware of both the positive and negative traits of another. They tend to be more  influenced by the negative traits.

WE ARE INFLUENCED BY WHAT IS MOST OBVIOUS
There are three factors that cause us to  notice some messages and ignore others.  they are stimuli, motives, and  contrastive
.
WE CLING TO FIRST IMPRESSIONS EVEN IF WRONG
Labeling people according to our first impressions is an inevitable part of the perception process. The labels are a way of making interpretations.

WE TEND TO ASSUME THAT OTHERS ARE SIMILAR TO US
People commonly imagine that others possess the same attitudes and motives that they do. People with low self esteem  imagine that others like them too.

PERCEPTION AND CULTURE
When communications come from different cultures the potential for misunderstanding is ever greater. Culture provides  a perceptual filter that influences the way we interpret even the simplest event.  North American culture view that talk as  desirable. Silence in conversational situations has a negative value. It is likely to interpreted as  lack of interest unwillingness to  communicate , hostility anxiety, shyness.  In asian cultures discourage the expression of thoughts and feelings.

source:mmunication-page no 48  Understanding Human communication, tenth indian edition Ronald B adler George Rodman

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