COMPONENTS OF FILM
Three basic
components of film:
- Image -- Camera Movement
-- Sound
CAMERA MOVEMENT
PAN
A pan shot or panning shot is
when you turn the camera on a fixed head. It is a technique where you
follow a moving subject, and you can shoot this with a slower shutter speed to
create a feeling of speed or action.
TILT
Tilt is Moving the cameras lens
up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant. A tilt shot is
shot that uses a cinematographic technique called tilting in which the camera
says fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane. Tilting is
similar to the motion of an individual raising or lowering their heads.
BOOM SHOT
To
move the camera vertically upward or downward, filmmakers turn to the boom shot. Boom shots are achieved by
using boom crane camera movements, pedestal camera movement, and jibs.
DOLLY
The name comes from the old”
dolly tracks” that used to be laid down for the heavy camera to move along
- very much like railroad tracks. The phrase dolly-in means step towards the
subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards with the
camera, keeping the zoom the same.
ZOOM
A zoom
shot is when the focal length of a camera lens is adjusted to give the
illusion of moving closer or further away from the subject. Zoom shots are done
with a zoom lens, which have variable focal lengths. The most typical
camera zoom types are the "zoom in" and "zoom out," but it
can also be combined with a dolly shot to create a "dolly
zoom."
DOLLY ZOOM
The
dolly zoom is one of the most discussed cinematic techniques. This shot is
commonly referred to as a vertigo shot, or vertigo
effect . A dolly zoom is an in-camera effect. A
dolly zoom is achieved by dollying the camera away from or toward a subject
while simultaneously zooming in the other direction.
ROLL CAMERA MOVEMENT
The
camera roll is a rotational camera movement that rotates the camera over its
side on its long axis. Rolls can be dizzying and unnatural. For this reason,
filmmakers use it to disorient the audience or create uneasiness. Its specific
effect makes it a very intentional camera movement that should only be used
when wanting to elicit a discomfort in the audience. Sometimes these
effects tie in to a film’s theme.
TRACKING SHOT
A tracking shot is any shot that physically moves
the camera through the scene for an extended amount of time. Tracking camera
movement often follows a traveling subject, though they can be used to simply
show off the scene.
Trucking is a type of tracking
shot in which the entire camera moves left or right along a track.
ARC SHOT
The
arc shot orbits the camera around a subject in an arc pattern.
RANDOM MOVEMENT
Sometimes, camera movements are not motivated by character
actions, but rather audience experience. Filmmakers often add random movement
to a shot via camera shake through a hand held shot to
heighten the intensity of a scene.
PEDESTAL SHOT
A pedestal shot is a vertical camera movement
in which the entire camera raises or lowers in relation to the subject. A pedestal
shot differs from a camera tilt because the entire camera moves up or down
rather than just pivoting from a fixed point.
PAN
PAN SHOTS ARE OFTEN USED TO:
2. This
can be used to establish a scene.
3. Panning
has a ability to be used for a wide range of situations and scenarios, it’s an
important move
4. It
can give a better idea of the scene’s setting
5. Enable
to set a specific tone or explore unusual surroundings.
6. Panning
can be used to switch from one subject’s view to another’s.
7. Transition
between scenes: This is often used to indicate a jump through time and/or
space
8. Pan
shots are sometimes used to change around a scene’s orientation.
9. Panning
is a great way to communicate movement or to give a static scene some energy
10.
By using pan shots during a back-and-forth interaction to create
tension or, more commonly, humor.
TYPES OF PAN SHOTS IN FILM
Depending on the scene and needs, we can choose between a few different
types of pan shots:
· Aerial pan shots: Filmmakers often attach cameras to
drones and fly them over cityscapes, landscapes, or other large areas. While
attached to the drone, the operator can pan the camera left or right to capture
the shot.
· Whip pans: Often referred to as a whip shot or a
swish pan, a whip pan is a pan so quickly that it results in blurred
imagery. As a result, it can leave the audience feeling temporarily
disoriented. To create a whip shot, you can use a handheld, gimbal, dolly, or a
tripod.
CREATING A PAN SHOT IN FILM
The steps to start panning:
1. It
is possible to pan with a handheld camera, but using a tripod offers more
stability for the shot.
2. The
frames in pan shots choose wisely.
3. Swivel the
camera. Make sure that the tripod works without sticking or jerking and
that you maintain a consistent movement and speed throughout the pan.
5. Before
begin filming, rehearse the movements a few times to make sure there is nothing
blocking or shaking the shot.
6. Get several
takes. Make sure to get a few safeties takes before wrapping up when
before unexpected interruptions happen.
TILT
1. Tilting
is a little less common than panning but they are used fairly regularly for
creative and practical purposes.
2. In
an establishing shot — brings us to into a location
3. Downward
tilts observe action over a large are
4. Upward
tilts can create psychological impression of inferiority or
weakness in a character
BOOM SHOT
To move the camera vertically
upward or downward, filmmakers turn to the boom shot.
1.
Boom shots are achieved by using boom crane camera movements,
pedestal camera movement, and jibs.
2.
These shots are known as establishing shots. They can be
small boom movements typically used for reveals and characters.
3.
Filmmakers use large boom movements to show off the setting of a
scene. These shots are known as establishing shots.
DOLLY
The phrase dolly-in means step
towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards
with the camera, keeping the zoom the same.
ZOOM
A zoom shot is when the focal length
of a camera lens is adjusted to give the illusion of moving closer or further
away from the subject. Zoom shots are done with a zoom lens, which have
variable focal lengths. The most typical camera zoom types are the "zoom
in" and "zoom out," but it can also be combined with a dolly
shot to create a "dolly zoom."
WHY USE A ZOOM SHOT?
1. To draw attention to a specific detail in the
shot
2. to give a character power
3. To emphasize a comedic or dramatic moment
DOLLY ZOOM
A dolly zoom is an in-camera effect. A dolly zoom
is achieved by dollying the camera away from or toward a subject while
simultaneously zooming in the other direction.
1.
this shot creates a sense of unease in the viewer, simulates a
spatial(3 dimentional) warp, and
2.
can either shrink or extend distances based on the choice of
direction.
3.
The dolly zoom can draw the audience into the story.
4.
It is commonly used to capture the internal conflict of a
character,
5.
Used to capture the internal conflict of a character and the
character’s state of mind.
6.
the dolly zoom can also establish a relationship between two
characters.
PEDESTAL:
A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means
"move the camera up; "pedestal down means "move the camera
down."
ROLL CAMERA MOVEMENT
1.
filmmakers use it to disorient the audience or
create uneasiness.
2.
Its specific effect makes it a very
intentional camera movement
3.
be used
when wanting to elicit a discomfort in the audience.
4.
Sometimes these effects tie in to a
film’s theme.
TRACKING
SHOT- Truck camera movement
1.
For complex shot movements
that move the camera in all directions
ARC SHOT
The arc shot orbits the camera
around a subject in an arc pattern. Arc shots are typically used to add energy
to a shot in which characters have minimal actions.
RANDOM MOVEMENT Random Movement
1.
camera movements are not motivated by audience experience.
2.
movement to a shot via camera shake through a handheld
shot to heighten the intensity of a scene.
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