MULTIMEDIA

 

The words multi and media are combined to form the word multimedia. The word “multi” signifies “many.” Multimedia is a type of medium that allows information to be easily transferred from one location to another.

 

Multimedia is the presentation of text, pictures, audio, and video with links and tools that allow the user to navigate, engage, create, and communicate using a computer.

 Multimedia refers to the computer-assisted integration of text, drawings, images and moving images (videos) graphics, audio, animation, and any other media in which any type of information can be expressed, stored, communicated, and processed digitally.

 

CATEGORIES OF MULTIMEDIA

1. Linear Multimedia

It is also called Non-interactive multimedia. In the case of linear multimedia, the end-user cannot control the content of the application. It has literally no interactivity of any kind. Some multimedia projects like  sequential or non-interactive multimedia, is a type of multimedia that is presented in a linear, sequential manner from start to finish. It is designed to be displayed, and the user has little to no interaction with it. Some examples of linear multimedia include: Video tutorials, PowerPoint presentations, Video streaming services, and Music and television station broadcasts.

Linear multimedia works very well for providing information to a large group of people such as at training sessions, seminars, workplace meetings, etc. 

 

2. NON-LINEAR MULTIMEDIA

In Non-Linear multimedia, the end-user is allowed the navigational control to rove through multimedia content at his own desire. The user can control the access of the application. Non-linear offers user interactivity to control the movement of data. For example computer games, websites, self-paced computer-based training packages, etc.

Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, and create; and multimedia is used to represent information in an interesting and interactive manner.

It combines text, audio, video, graphics, and animation. It uses media in an interactive manner to provide information in multiple ways. Multimedia uses computers to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools, allowing the user to navigate, interact, create, and communicate. It has 5 key elements/Components of Multimedia

The various components of multimedia are Text, Audio, Graphics, Video and Animation. All these components work together to represent information in an effective and easy manner.

1) Text:

Text is the most common medium of representing the information. In multimedia, text is mostly use for titles, headlines,menu etc. The most commonly used software for viewing text files are Microsoft Word, Notepad, Word pad etc. Mostly the text files are formatted with ,DOC, TXT etc extension.

2)Audio:

In multimedia audio means related with recording, playing etc. Audio is an important components of multimedia because this component increase the understandability and improves the clarity of the concept. audio includes speech, music etc. The commonly used software for playing audio files are:
i) Quick Time
ii) Real player
iii) Windows Media Player

3)Graphics:

Every multimedia presentation is based on graphics. The used of graphics in multimedia makes the concept more effective and presentable.the commonly used software for viewing graphics are windows Picture, Internet Explorer etc. The commonly used graphics editing software is Adobe Photoshop through which graphics can be edited easily and can be make effective and attractive.

4)Video:

Video means moving pictures with sound. It is the best way to communicate with each other. In multimedia it is used to makes the information more presentable and it saves a large amount of time. The commonly used software for viewing videos are:
i) Quick Time
ii) Window Media Player
iii) Real Player

5)Animation:

In computer animation is used to make changes to the images so that the sequence of the images appears to be moving pictures. An animated sequence shows a number of frames per second to produce an effect of motion in the user’s eye. Some of the commonly used software for viewing animation are:
i) Internet Explorer
ii) Windows Pictures
iii) Fax Viewer

These are the components of Multimedia. Now I am going to talk about its applications.

APPLICATION OF MULTIMEDIA

Nowadays the application of Multimedia are observed in various fields such as Education, Entertainment, Business and so on. To communicate the message in the form of picture, sound, video, animation is the primary role of multimedia. Some of the application  of multimedia are as follows:

1) MULTIMEDIA IN EDUCATION:

Multimedia is becoming popular in the field of education. It is commonly used to prepare study material for the students and also provide them proper understanding of different subjects. Nowadays Edutainment, a combination of Education and Entertainment has become very popular. This system provides learning as well as provides entertainment to the user.

Multimedia provides the benefit of interactive learning. Multimedia differs from television in this sense.Multimedia is utilized in education to create popular reference books like encyclopedias and guidebooks as well as computer-based training courses (often referred to as CBTs). Text, pictures, music, and animation are all used in CBTs.

2) MULTIMEDIA IN ENTERTAINMENT:

Computer graphics techniques are now commonly use in making movies and games. this increase the growth of multimedia.

i)Movies: Multimedia used in movies gives a special audio and video effect. Today multimedia has totally changed the art of making movies in the world. Difficult effect, action is only possible through multimedia.

ii)Games: Multimedia used in games by using computer graphics, animation, videos have changed the gaming experience. Presently, games provides fast action, 3-D effects and high quality sound effects which is only possible through multimedia.

3)MULTIMEDIA IN BUSINESS: 

Today multimedia is used in every aspect of business. These are some of the applications:

i)Video conferencing: This system enables to communicate using audio and video between two different locations through their computers.When the information is sent across the world, this technology provides cost benefits to the business which saves their time, energy and money.

ii)Marketing and advertisement: Nowadays different advertisement and marketing ideas about any product on television and internet is possible with multimedia.

Industry Scenario

The Indian M&E sector powered through to a growth of 8.1% to reach INR 2.3 Tn in 2023. India secures 4th rank in “ICT Services exports”. India’s Media & Entertainment industry is expected to grow to INR 3.08 Tn by 2026 at 10-12% CAGR, led by OTT, Gaming, Animation and VFX.

• Regional OTT content volumes exceeded Hindi language content in 2023 for the first time.
• Indians spent 13 Bn+ hours on online sports, among the most time spent in the world.
• 56% of viewership on Television was in Indian regional languages.
• Animation segment saw huge demand from OTT platforms and kid's channels.
• Digital advertising grew 15% to reach INR 576 Bn in 2023 and is expected to reach INR 842 Bn by 2026.

Government Initiatives

• The Government of India has taken various initiatives such as digitizing the cable distribution sector to attract greater institutional funding, increasing the FDI limit from 74% to 100% in cable and direct-to-home (DTH) satellite platforms, and granting industry status to the film industry for easy access to institutional finance.

ENTERTAINMENT WITH MULTIMEDIA

 One of the biggest multimedia industries, the entertainment business has grown as a result of technological advancements in the creation of games, movies, ads, and other forms of entertainment.

The entertainment sector makes extensive use of multimedia, particularly to create special effects for films and cartoons. Avatar, Avengers, and The Jungle book are a few examples.

 

A common hobby of many people is playing multimedia games, and the same is true of software that can be downloaded online or through CD-ROMs. Multimedia aspects are also used in some video games.

 

Interactive multimedia refers to multimedia programs that let users take part actively rather than merely passively consuming information. Multimedia in the Business. 

In business, multimedia is an extremely powerful presentation and sales tool. Conferences, training, advertising, promotion, product demos, modeling, databases, portfolios, text messaging, network communications, voicemail messages, and teleconferencing are just a few examples of business uses for multimedia

.Nowadays, there is a large industry devoted to internet marketing, hosting websites, and website coding. Using several technologies including email, Texting, MMS, teleconferences, and chats, among others, the company uses it to grow its customer. With the help of multimedia business, even simple office programs like a word processor or spreadsheet software become effective tools. To emphasize key points in the documents, images, animation, and sound can be added to these applications.

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Categories of Documentary Flms

 There are many categories of documentary films which are:

EXPOSITORY DOCUMENTARIES 

Expository documentaries set up a specific point of view or argument about a subject and a narrator often speaks directly to the viewer, emphasizing the relationship between the images presented on-screen and offering verbal commentary. 

Expository documentaries are heavily researched and constructed to inform and persuade. The expository mode is to present a strong argument to the audience, convincing them to believe in or agree with a certain point of view.

• Omniscient voice-over. or  “voice of God” narration, that is an authoritative voice accompanies the documentary’s images, defining the visuals for the audience, and explaining rhetorical content to help make the film’s case. The voice-over conveys information and does not provide personal accounts or subjective experiences to share a narrative. Expository filmmakers use images as a means to support their claims. 
• Realism and immediacy: To promote a feeling of realism, an observational documentary follows people or events in real-time, often detailing daily life. The film team follows the action spontaneously, giving the film a sense of immediacy and freshness.

2. PARTICIPATORY DOCUMENTARY

A participatory documentary is a type of documentary film that involves the filmmaker in the narrative and directly engages with the subjects being filmed. 

In 2001, documentary theorist Bill Nichols coined the term “participatory documentary” to describe a type of documentary in which the filmmaker is a subject. In his book Introduction to Documentary, Nichols classifies participatory mode as one of the six modes of documentary filmmaking—along with observational mode, expository mode, poetic mode, reflexive mode, and performative mode.

Characteristics of Participatory Documentaries

1. The filmmaker is a character. In a participatory documentary, the filmmaker must either be seen or heard at some point in the movie, giving them a presence that is often as important as the primary subject.

They integrate the storyteller into the film. The voice of the filmmaker can be heard asking the interviewees a variety of questions from behind the camera. Thus, the filmmaker has a direct effect on the stories' essential functions. 

 2. Participatory mode, the audience is allowed to see or hear the filmmaker asking the questions. This establishes a clearer relationship between the filmmaker and the interview subject, while also giving the viewer a more "behind the scenes" look at how the filmmaker elicited the subject's responses.

 3. The viewer is aligned with the filmmaker. The audience experiences the film through the filmmaker's point of view, allowing them to intuit how the filmmaker felt in the moment and consider how they might have reacted in the same situation.

 

 3. OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTARY

Observational documentaries, also known as direct cinema or cinema verité, are a type of documentary that aims to capture events as they happen naturally without interference or manipulation

Observational documentary is a type of documentary filmmaking that aims to record realistic, everyday life without intrusion. Also called cinéma vérité style, direct cinema, or fly-on-the-wall film making. Chronicle of a Summer (1961). Jean Rouch

1.  4,   PERFORMATIVE DOCUMENTARY

Performative documentary films focus on the filmmakers’ involvement with his or her subject, using his or her personal experience or relationship with the subject as a jumping-off point for exploring larger, subjective truths about politics, history, or groups of people. as well as intimate footage that illustrates the direct and often personal relationship between filmmaker and subject.

 https://youtu.be/Zk11vI-7czE?si=J2HcZupLucAIgdh-

 

5. POETIC DOCUMENTARY

The poetic mode of documentary filmmaking originally emerged from the City Symphony film movement in the 1920s and was a retort against the style and content of the predominant fiction film genre. 

Visual rhythm over continuity: Breaking from standard editing rules, poetic documentaries are avant-garde in that they aren’t concerned with maintaining continuity from scene to scene. Instead, the editing goal is to emphasize rhythm, composition, and shot design to create visuals that show the viewer the world through a new point of view.

 Lack of traditional narrative: Since poetic documentaries are primarily focused on creating a particular mood or feelings.Their primary goal is to emphasize imagery, and experience, and show people the globe from a variety of perspectives. They mostly portray an emotion rather than reality and are loose and abstract. Its shape is experimental and idio syncratic .  Poetic documentaries tend to focus on triggering emotional responses in the viewer, and they often have several unifying characteristics.

 Subjectivity: Rather than arguing for an objective fact-based truth, poetic documentaries provide a subjective interpretation of a topic. They approach subjects in a more abstract and experimental way than traditional documentaries.

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Different Types of Lighting in Photography

 

A shot needs to be accurate and visually appealing, and lighting can achieve this. This article will teach you about the various kinds, when to use them, and how they impact our photos.
For what reason is lighting crucial in photography?
Great photographs are largely dependent on lighting. because in addition to brightness and darkness, it also affects tone, mode, and environment.

In order to take a picture, photographers need to catch light waves on a light-sensitive surface. because without lighting, a proper shot cannot be taken.

We would make excellent photographers if we used these two methods:

• Pay attention to how light plays with the angles and curves of your subject.

• Recognize accurately which areas of the picture are brightened and which are dark.

 

How does Lighting Affect our Photography?

The fact is that your lighting decisions will be influenced by these two things.

• The first thing is the features and characteristics of your subject, and the second thing is how you wish them to make an appearance in your photograph.

 

What are the different types of lighting in photography?

There are many different types of lights in photography, and they all yield different outcomes. When and how to use different types of lights should be well within our grasp.

NATURAL LIGHT

There are two primary types of lighting used in photography: artificial light and natural light. Natural light is defined as lighting that arises naturally and doesn't require human intervention. Natural light is the kind of light that arises naturally without the help of humans. It might be light that has melted straight from the sun during the day and from the moon at night. It might also be the light that fog or clouds have scattered.

FLAT LIGHT

When light is directly directed toward a subject, it is referred to as flat light. Usually, it occurs

When should you use flat lighting?

• Flat lighting could be helpful in making portraits, particularly when the subject is hidden by wrinkles or flaws.
• Another advantage of applying flat light is that it helps in making two parts of the face look better identical. If you're interested in symmetrical photography, it would be beneficial.

 

SHORT LIGHTING

Short lighting is defined as a lighting process in which the distant part of an object’s face would be bright. In this context, the closest side of the camera will be in shadow and darkness, and the distant side will be in the light.

When light shines from behind and illuminates only one side of the face of a person, it is called short light. Short lighting is totally different from broad lighting.

It is fundamentally utilized in making classic portrait photography.

When should you use Short Lighting? 

Short lighting would be helpful in some contexts:

• How does short lighting affect the portrait?
• Face appears slim when the shadow is on the broad side
• Adds character to portraits
• Suits masculine portraits through exploitation of texture
• The effect of short lighting technique will depend on:
• The facial features of your subject
• The horizontal angle of the light
• The vertical angle of the light (how high or low the light is in relation to the subject)
• The exact position of the face (especially for Rembrandt lighting where the nose shadow must meet the shadow on the broad side of the face to create the famous Rembrandt Triangle)
• The distance of the light from the subject
• The quality (hard, soft)
• The amount of fill
• The position of the fill

 

BROAD LIGHTING

When one side of the face is closer to the camera and therefore brighter than the other, this is referred to as broad light. Furthermore, it casts shadows on the side of the face that is farther away.
There are many situations in which broad lighting is appropriate:

• A subject with a thin face responds better to this technique. since the bright side will have a more striking appearance than the dark side.

 

FILL LIGHTING

In photography, a fill light is a lighting technique that highlights a subject's features and shapes that are dimmed by the shadow raised by the main beam. In a typical three-point system, fill light is the secondary source.
Typically, the term "fill light" refers to a method of using a lighting source to highlight any shadows cast on a subject.

When should you use Fill Lighting?

Fill light could be used at any time, such as during daytime or sunset. But it could be best for use in some contexts.

• This lighting could be used to calculate the brightness, thickness, and depth levels.
• Also, it is more useful to generate a more uniform illumination and to highlight the features and shapes of a subject.

BACKLIGHT

Backlighting in photography refers to a recognized light technique in which the source of light spreads illumination behind any subject in order to create deep effects like separating the subject from its background.

HARD LIGHT

Hard light refers to a strong lighting technique which spreads dazzling shadows and focuses on the exact part of the subject. In this process, the adaptation between light and shadow could be hard and clarified.

Hard lighting in photography refers to a technique that creates strong contrast and dramatic, sharp images by creating harsh shadows. It is soft light's exact opposite.
The transition between light and shadow in hard illumination over this process is especially distinct and sharp. In strong light, the outline of our subject would make a distinct, brought shadow.

When should you use Hard light?

Hard light has numerous varieties of dimensions:

• We can use hard lighting to make your subject more serious-looking.
• We can use it to provide a gritty and tricky shadow to your subject.

 

SIDE LIGHTING

To give an object more dimension and silhouette, side lighting refers to the application of side illumination. The subject appears to have multiple appearances because the light is coming from the side.
An illumination technique called side lighting concentrates on one edge of an object. The position of the light or the subject ultimately determines the angle of side lighting, which is characterized by exposing only one side of the subject.

Side light could be used for several purposes:

• It is beneficial for enhancing the shape of a subject.
• It is also more helpful for creating a glazing impact on any shiny material, including jewelry.

What are the different types of studio lighting?

 Photographers use studio lights for any kind of photography they do to enhance their work, usually in a studio. You can use a variety of studio lighting options, but it's crucial to understand the differences between them and how to use them.

We'll attempt to provide you with a quick overview of the typical light types found in photo studios below, along with some possible uses.

KEY LIGHT

Typically, key lighting is one-directed lighting. Additionally, it can be multi-dimensional, with multiple lights coming from different shapes on either side of the object, demonstrating their luminosity from all angles.

FILL THE LIGHT

In photography, a fill light is a lighting technique that highlights a subject's features and shapes that are obscured by the shadow cast by the main beam. The secondary source in a typical three-point luminaire system is fill light.

 KICKER LIGHT

A light that draws attention to a subject's edges is called a kicker light. Simply focus this light on a small area of the body, like the hairline. The light will be restricted so as not to strike a sizable section of the object.

BACKGROUND LIGHT

The background light is an illumination process in which the source of light focuses directly behind the subject. In this lighting, the subject takes place precisely between both the camera and light.

CAMERA MOUNTED FLASH

Simply put, a camera mounted flash is a type of flashing light that can be directly attached to the camera. Pop-up flashes are a great feature of all modern cameras, but there are occasions when we'll want more control over our lighting. This is when a flash connected to a camera comes in useful!!

 

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