tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48746434152622785602024-03-17T20:02:54.883-07:00Journalism and Communication.““I cannot teach anybody anything. I can only make them think” ― Socrates
J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.comBlogger522125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-13134570955152156652024-01-04T04:14:00.000-08:002024-01-04T04:14:48.535-08:00Screenplay Format<p><span style="background-color: white;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOfpw3nQYw0HiZnD19KpdB94TlAI28lXZE7hDmSk7wjhRzpOfDMxaCaklykStV9lcNAzqJckPf-6Ouxt5wTw0ZpvoEhyphenhyphenMO77lXOliDsVFvlLMjWcFYM0jy31hJPv0vvgkzTd7zLeKTmmeTMnedE4NMrukMQRHdVH_xTpWP4YF9AXU6CN7Kj1Mqai6E3o0/s276/3a2e0-final-draft.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="276" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOfpw3nQYw0HiZnD19KpdB94TlAI28lXZE7hDmSk7wjhRzpOfDMxaCaklykStV9lcNAzqJckPf-6Ouxt5wTw0ZpvoEhyphenhyphenMO77lXOliDsVFvlLMjWcFYM0jy31hJPv0vvgkzTd7zLeKTmmeTMnedE4NMrukMQRHdVH_xTpWP4YF9AXU6CN7Kj1Mqai6E3o0/w640-h422/3a2e0-final-draft.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-style: inherit;">Setting Up Your Document</span><p></p><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Century Gothic"; font-size: 18px; margin-top: 2em;"><ol style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Screenwriting software</em></span>: Final Draft, which is the world’s leading screenplay formatting software, and used in the offices of all the big executives, agents, producers and studios. </span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Paper</em></span>: US screenplays are printed on <b>Letter size pape</b>r, <b>8.5″ by 11</b>″. The international standard for much of the rest of the world is <b>A4, 8.27″ X 11.7″.</b></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/screenplay-font/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="color: black;">Screenplay Font</span></em></span></a>: Courier 12pt.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Spacing</em></span>: The spacing between lines alternates between single and double according to the type of text.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Margins</em></span>: The top and bottom margins are usually 1”, but the margins on the left and right vary according to what type of text it is.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Cover page</em></span>: Your cover page should include the title of your script, your name, and your contact information.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Page number</em></span>: Page numbers are located at the top to the far right. You do not need a page number on your first page.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Page length</em></span>: Screenplays are typically between 90 and 120 pages. One page is the approximate equivalent to one minute of screen time. Comedies tend to be around 90 pages, while dramas tend to be longer, at around 110 pages.</span></li></ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitcu7lcISfd5rHwWcuWBdLJbNrZfBs-M4k3Z_2SvqdOxVSP-MRlJ_UpKwEh2Ez8pbzq1pNWW9OLmTILYpvmnnFiY6-IWYcz0yA8tBWcMpH30UfNAxKULhcqPCq7g1Sirce1jfBnGfQx9__3CFbrI4Hghf8A1EUkNI4gOH3jw9py1jynJUU3g-H_AdQIaA/s1200/image-placeholder-title.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitcu7lcISfd5rHwWcuWBdLJbNrZfBs-M4k3Z_2SvqdOxVSP-MRlJ_UpKwEh2Ez8pbzq1pNWW9OLmTILYpvmnnFiY6-IWYcz0yA8tBWcMpH30UfNAxKULhcqPCq7g1Sirce1jfBnGfQx9__3CFbrI4Hghf8A1EUkNI4gOH3jw9py1jynJUU3g-H_AdQIaA/w640-h480/image-placeholder-title.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 15px 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Getting Started with Screenplay Format</span></h2><ol style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Fade in/Fade out</em></span>: At the beginning of your screenplay, you need to include “Fade in:” on the left side. You can also include your title again at the very top of this page before Fade In. At the end of your script, you end with “Fade out.” on the right hand side, followed by <span style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline;">THE END</span> in the center of the next line.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Scene headings</em></span>: In screenplay format, scene headings are written in all uppercase and have at least three parts. The first is INT. or EXT. to indicate whether the scene is interior (inside a building) or exterior (outside). The second part is the location (for example, GROCERY STORE), followed by a hyphen. The third part is the time of day, usually just DAY or NIGHT. Example:<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="Scene heading" class="wp-image-34293 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM.png 482w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-450x35.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-300x23.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-100x7.png 100w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-480x37.png 480w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="26" sizes="(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM.png 482w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-450x35.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-300x23.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-100x7.png 100w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.51.01-AM-480x37.png 480w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="339" /></a></span></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Description</em></span>: A description usually follows the scene heading and is used to set the scene by providing visual details. This is written like prose and, like the rest of your screenplay, needs to be in the present tense. Description text is located 1.5” from the left.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Action</em></span>: When describing the action of a character, you follow the same screenplay format as for scene description.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Introducing characters</em></span>: When introducing a character, it is helpful to put the character’s name in all caps. It is also necessary to provide a brief description of the character, followed by their age. Here is an example/template:<a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="Character introduction" class="wp-image-34275 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM.png 535w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-450x50.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-300x33.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-100x11.png 100w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="51" sizes="(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM.png 535w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-450x50.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-300x33.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.01.41-AM-100x11.png 100w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="455" /></a></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Character</em></span>: The character’s name always appears above the dialogue in all caps. This appears near the center of the document (3.5” from the left).</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Dialogue</em></span>: The lines of speech are located 2.5” from the left and fall below the character’s name. <a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="Dialogue" class="wp-image-34366 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM.png 552w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-450x113.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-300x75.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-100x25.png 100w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="89" sizes="(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM.png 552w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-450x113.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-300x75.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-4.30.42-PM-100x25.png 100w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="353" /></a></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Parentheticals</em></span>: Parentheses can be used in screenplay format between the character line and the dialogue (3.5” from the left) to describe the way the character says a line. For example, if it is unclear, you may have to indicate that a character is saying something sarcastically. Make sure and leave these cues as adverbs instead of adjectives. An example is shown below.<a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="Parentheticals" class="wp-image-34279 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM.png 530w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-450x76.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-300x50.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-100x16.png 100w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="59" sizes="(max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM.png 530w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-450x76.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-300x50.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.16.51-AM-100x16.png 100w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="351" /></a></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Transitions</em></span>: Transitions generally only appear in a shooting script, and are a way to describe getting from one scene to the next. Examples include “CUT TO:” and “DISSOLVE TO:”. They are located where “FADE IN:” would be but do not have to be the first thing on a page.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Subheaders</em></span>: Subheaders are used when an entirely new scene heading is not necessary, such as when a character moves from one room in a house to another. These should be used sparingly. To format these, write the new location in all caps on its own line.</span></li></ol><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 15px 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Special Situations in Screenplay Format</span></h2><ol style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Sounds/props</em></span>: Mainly reserved for shooting scripts, it is helpful to put props and sounds in all caps so prop masters and sound technicians can find them easily.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Extensions</em></span>: If a line of dialogue is being narrated or you cannot see the character, you can use (V.O.) for voice over or (O.S.) for off-screen. In screenplay format, these extensions are placed next to the character’s name.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Montages</span>:</em> To format a montage with a single location, type MONTAGE on its own line. Then below it, use hyphen bullet points to briefly describe each moment/image of the montage. Conclude with END OF MONTAGE on its own line. For a montage with multiple locations, use the following example:<a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="montage" class="wp-image-34288 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM.png 691w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-450x169.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-300x112.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-100x37.png 100w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="163" sizes="(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM.png 691w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-450x169.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-300x112.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-11.41.41-AM-100x37.png 100w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="434" /></a></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Flashbacks</em></span>: In screenplay format, a flashback is introduced by inserting FLASHBACK TO: at the far right of the screenplay. Then you can insert your scene. When the flashback is over, write BACK TO PRESENT on a new line to the far left. When using flashbacks, it is useful to include the date in a parentheses as part of your scene headings (see example below).<a data-mil="33447" href="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s, background-color 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><img alt="flashback" class="wp-image-34295 aligncenter entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px" data-lazy-src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM.png" data-lazy-srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM.png 660w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-450x193.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-300x128.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-100x42.png 100w" data-ll-status="loaded" decoding="async" height="181" sizes="(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px" src="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM.png" srcset="https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM.png 660w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-450x193.png 450w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-300x128.png 300w, https://industrialscripts.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Screen-Shot-2014-10-21-at-12.04.35-PM-100x42.png 100w" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="422" /></a></span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Dreams</em></span>: There are a couple ways to write a dream sequence in screenplay format. One way is to add (DREAM SEQUENCE) to your heading and END DREAM SEQUENCE to the left on its own line at the end. You can also format it like a montage if there are multiple parts to the dream.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Phone calls</em></span>: One way to format a phone call is to insert INTERCUT PHONE CONVERSATION before the dialogue begins. This indicates that the scene will go back and forth between showing each character on the phone.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Text being read</em></span>: When a character is reading something that the audience can see, you can indicate this using quotation marks and all caps: Sally picks up a note. Over her shoulder it reads, “PLEASE PICK UP MILK FROM THE STORE.”</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Parallel action</em></span>: For parallel action, write INTERCUT on a line above the dialogue to indicate that the scene will go back and forth from showing different characters’ situations.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">More and Cont’d</em></span>: If a line of dialogue is cut off and continues on the next page, (MORE) is placed on the bottom center of the first page and (CONT’D) is placed next to the character’s name on the next page. In screenplay format, (CONT’D) is also used next to a character’s name is they have two lines of dialogue that are separated by a line of action or description.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Shots</em></span>: Camera directions are only included in shooting scripts, not in spec scripts. They are found in the description. Examples include PAN TO and CLOSE UP ON.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Superimposed text</em></span>: To indicate that non-diegetic text will appear on the screen (that only the audience can see), write SUPER: “Text that is superimposed.”</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Underline</em></span>: You can underline a word or line of text to <span style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline;">emphasize</span> it.</span></li></ol><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">There are many components to screenplay format. However, if you understand your screenplay format tools and use good writing software.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_dOsGBprPw5o2V-RptppyVpzIahwxs72q-DA3pn7mCCizm1UP7YFfL32zj5talu1inXLKK0cJD7k4YOb3F-0uh1LQVrXp1SO3wZVn-E6fEKy5i_LQSSLfwyKG9_5-0uFmttUKlliE6rYRm17d4WgRdbcr2WaA4s9PaJSr9o21VX6RuGutGiutnzy1I4/s1094/0Kakk3s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1094" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_dOsGBprPw5o2V-RptppyVpzIahwxs72q-DA3pn7mCCizm1UP7YFfL32zj5talu1inXLKK0cJD7k4YOb3F-0uh1LQVrXp1SO3wZVn-E6fEKy5i_LQSSLfwyKG9_5-0uFmttUKlliE6rYRm17d4WgRdbcr2WaA4s9PaJSr9o21VX6RuGutGiutnzy1I4/s320/0Kakk3s.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7tBxdOOkIsZPDjtDcmKBZwioAw424Q9F4GOkESZdYnuJG6q71vAVkh25znd5rlFd-7HXIfbl4suTKvUvn65bCW4ulz1d0tVLRZwDFnXOsdoLK5NVxh1h8R3Fy-8YaWRIAzJu40FohK1dg7sn7TduiwF3h5t8rKOBPxgVYJcRb-Jp9pdyNixG9-9agbNY/s720/71b24efca9ded1c8661440b2fceb4093.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; 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box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></p></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-14818937195864544922023-08-03T21:41:00.002-07:002023-08-03T21:41:39.150-07:00Berlo’s Model of Communication- the SMCR model<p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /><span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-o2K3-PfGk4hj49U73WWlzUTAYZmHg0AJrobKGgpyGy_i19HyMK8vXN0mtI9ezP7CG2XstxrvGKkkTCgwXpf0P7jisvSCQgi9wi6j5QEp8QtuY3LH11jDr_9J8tk49DtWw0F-53G5UGAhuJzKqkXDqZiz7FAgi3ZCjc6U6e30A8i27wGgGhKD7jBzLL8/s1200/SMCR_model_-_full.svg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="1200" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-o2K3-PfGk4hj49U73WWlzUTAYZmHg0AJrobKGgpyGy_i19HyMK8vXN0mtI9ezP7CG2XstxrvGKkkTCgwXpf0P7jisvSCQgi9wi6j5QEp8QtuY3LH11jDr_9J8tk49DtWw0F-53G5UGAhuJzKqkXDqZiz7FAgi3ZCjc6U6e30A8i27wGgGhKD7jBzLL8/w640-h325/SMCR_model_-_full.svg.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">The Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the message. Berlo’s model of communication operates on the SMCR model.</span></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">In the SMCR model</span></p><ul class="widget-circle-list" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; margin-bottom: 15px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">S - Stands for <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Source</span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">M - <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Message</span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">C - <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Channel</span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">R - <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Receiver</span></span></li></ul><div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Let us now study the all the factors in detail:</span></p><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">S - Source</span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 16px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #444444; font-size: large;">The source, also known as the sender, is the one who has the </span></span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: large;"> thought originates. He is the one who transfers the information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">How does the source or the sender transfer his information to the recipient ?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>the source or the sender transfer his information to the recipient</span><span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> with the help of communication skills, Attitude, Knowledge, Social System and Culture.</span></span></p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;" type="square"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Communication Skills</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">An individual must possess excellent communication skills to make his communication effective and create an impact among the listeners. The speaker must know where to take pauses, where to repeat the sentences, how to speak a particular sentence, how to pronounce a word and so on. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Attitude</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The sender must have the right attitude to create a long lasting impression on the listeners. An individual must be an Viscom graduate from a reputed institute, but he would be lost in the crowd without the right attitude.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Knowledge</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Knowledge is actually the clarity of the information which the speaker wants to convey to the receiver. One must be thorough in what he is speaking with complete in-depth knowledge of the subject. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Social System</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The listeners were irritated merely because the speaker ignored the social structure of the environment in which he was communicating. He had forgotten about the second party's sentiments, cultural beliefs, and religious convictions.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Culture</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The cultural background of the community or listeners with whom the speaker is communicating or delivering his speech is referred to as culture.</span></p></li></ul><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">M - Message</span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 16px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">When an individual converts his thoughts into words, a message is created. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The process is also called as Encoding</span>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Any message further comprises of the following elements:</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px;" type="square"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Content</span></span><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> It is very important for the speaker to carefully choose the words and take good care of the content of the speech. The content has to be sensible, accurate, crisp, related to the thought to hit the listeners bang on and create an immediate impact.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The substance or script of the talk is referred to as content. In other words, it is the foundation of any communication. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;"> The speaker must carefully select his or her words and give special attention to the topic of the speech. To have an immediate impact on the listeners, the content must be sensible, precise, and succinct(</span><span style="background-color: white;">succinct </span><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: white;">implies the greatest possible compressio</span></span><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold;">n)</span></span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-weight: 700;">Element: </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;"> The speech must be coupled with lots of hand movements, gestures, postures, facial expressions, body movements to capture the attention of the listeners and make the speech impressive. Hand movements, gestures, postures, facial expressions, body movements, gestures all come under the elements of the message.</span></span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Treatment</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Treatment is actually the way one treats his message and is conveys to the listeners. This is referred to as the treatment of the message. One must understand how to present his message so that the message is conveyed in the most accurate form.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Structure</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">A message cannot be expressed in one go. It has to be properly structured in order to convey the message in the most desired form.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Code</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The communication code must be right. Your body movements, language, expressions, and gestures are the communication's codes, and they must be exact or the message will be corrupted and the recipient would never be able to decode the proper information.</span></p></li></ul><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">C - Channel</span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 16px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Channel - Channel actually refers to the medium how the information flows from the sender to the receiver.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #444444;">The five senses are represented by the channels Hearing, Tasting, Seeing, and Smelling.Touching.</span><span style="color: #444444;"> This allows humans to communicate with one another.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">R - Receiver</span></p><div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; margin: 16px 0px 15px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">For a smooth flow of information and a better grasp of the message, the receiver should be on the same platform as the speaker. He should have good communication skills in order to understand what the speaker is saying. He must have a positive mindset in order to comprehend the message. His knowledge should be on par with that of the audience, and he should be knowledgeable about the subject. He should have the same social and cultural background as the speaker.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><div><a href="https://www.managementstudyguide.com/berlo-model-of-communication.htm"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">https://www.managementstudyguide.com/berlo-model-of-communication.htm</span></a><br /></div><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: auto;"><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-6609872007655677" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="8721191377" data-ad-status="unfilled" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" data-full-width-responsive="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 280px;"><div aria-label="Advertisement" id="aswift_2_host" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: 280px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 870px;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement"></div></ins></center></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-82488532829115880332023-07-25T04:29:00.000-07:002023-07-25T04:29:32.134-07:00A stage play Script<p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: x-large;">Proscenium Stage</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFKd6v8w637FhrVBzYZDSklxZaZWDwSOansMXJeWszfKLwYTfH5Eyv_OmhH3xVjP7J6k1vTkpB0IUo--ORYurUW4AvjgXWhiQJlobfe6qW4NHq-bKqAF5arwFZhfF9RL1MJu31l7Jeq0UxG1_H8Li1KhNdfPKBTZEpFMOuEMeqxNGF4mwX-YhH7oWb9wk/s900/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="900" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFKd6v8w637FhrVBzYZDSklxZaZWDwSOansMXJeWszfKLwYTfH5Eyv_OmhH3xVjP7J6k1vTkpB0IUo--ORYurUW4AvjgXWhiQJlobfe6qW4NHq-bKqAF5arwFZhfF9RL1MJu31l7Jeq0UxG1_H8Li1KhNdfPKBTZEpFMOuEMeqxNGF4mwX-YhH7oWb9wk/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia;">The proscenium is the most popular type of theater stage. The stage faces out and is well known for its curtain, which separates the production from the audience. </span></span></div><h5 class="" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); line-height: var(--heading--line-height-h5); margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 60px !important; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Thrust Stage</span></h5><div><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxfl8EuVy3CQtyPw5HJ0IqKJoorieHdmn82obuhqWp4UQf1gOD2G7ypxXXPifGEH2U0XtVLaiatz-tzDngSjjRQw_LAUr8IENLcGRVN02uUldz33r1Uyp_YlPIcdKXOOm_rka0tDXsdzF0xDV9enCYAfEhry3zkqwWsD_QA63fwUK-v3CRpwKSNCeE1Gs/s1101/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1101" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxfl8EuVy3CQtyPw5HJ0IqKJoorieHdmn82obuhqWp4UQf1gOD2G7ypxXXPifGEH2U0XtVLaiatz-tzDngSjjRQw_LAUr8IENLcGRVN02uUldz33r1Uyp_YlPIcdKXOOm_rka0tDXsdzF0xDV9enCYAfEhry3zkqwWsD_QA63fwUK-v3CRpwKSNCeE1Gs/s320/2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The thrust stage brings the audience closer to the production. The stage itself and the surrounding audience chairs form a semicircle.</div></span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="thrv_wrapper tve_image_caption image-wrapper centered-wrapper sb-margintop80" data-css="tve-u-1810a095ec8" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: content-box; float: none; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; height: auto !important; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 80px !important; max-width: 700px !important; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 700px; word-spacing: 0px;"></div><p></p><div class="thrv_wrapper thrv_text_element" data-tag="h2" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: content-box; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px !important; orphans: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><h5 class="" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-weight: 700 !important; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: var(--heading--line-height-h5); margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 60px !important; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px; text-transform: initial;"><span style="font-size: large;">Theater in the Round</span></h5></div><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The “theater in the round” quite literally gives the audience a unique perspective every time they see the play. It also changes the dynamic of how you present scenes.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiv8JYyqF36h-SpLswJ8NNEOJYimVPWKGIAi9CCaaWOaG-Wz4yg7LtO02_V5C8hvOMwsfhdCas7ixlJGYQrOKCq6nSUqKOkMWbYsMOIqwtOxcVJcc0V1o5hywPmaOMcTKW95DX1Ufr_vIkyXeiDgQ9zP4RpIUG1WBo8k42unmn-7KUafpwE6YaDnZeSnk/s1400/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1400" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiv8JYyqF36h-SpLswJ8NNEOJYimVPWKGIAi9CCaaWOaG-Wz4yg7LtO02_V5C8hvOMwsfhdCas7ixlJGYQrOKCq6nSUqKOkMWbYsMOIqwtOxcVJcc0V1o5hywPmaOMcTKW95DX1Ufr_vIkyXeiDgQ9zP4RpIUG1WBo8k42unmn-7KUafpwE6YaDnZeSnk/s320/3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-large;">A </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-large; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">stage play</span><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-large;"> is a story written that’s intended to be performed in a theater. Stage plays usually include a character glossary (dramatis personae), setting and time, and outlined act and scenes. Intermissions and act/scene-endings are almost always written into the script, as are stage directions, dialogue, and actions.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Famous Types of Stage Plays:</span></span></p><ul class="" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue" !important; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: calc(2*var(--global--spacing-horizontal)); padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Comedies</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dramas</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tragedies</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Histories</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Satires</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Musicals</span></li><li dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-size: large;">Farces</span></li></ul><h3 class="" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Guide to play script formatting</span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The first is the title page — which is very similar to a screenplay title page.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br /></p></div><h1 style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; margin: 10px 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Standard Playwriting Format</span></h1><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="thrv_wrapper thrv_text_element" data-tag="h2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px !important; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Title page check. Now it’s time to write the <em style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">dramatis personae</em>. The <em style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">dramatis personae</em> is just a character glossary — and it should look something like this:</span></p><h1 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Shakespeare's plays,<br />listed by genre</span></h1><h2 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 40px 0px; text-align: center;"><strong style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">COMEDIES</span></strong></h2><div style="padding: 0px 20px 20px;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding-left: 20px;"><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=allswell" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">All's Well That Ends Well</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=asyoulikeit" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">As You Like It</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=comedyerrors" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Comedy of Errors</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=loveslabours" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Love's Labour's Lost</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=measure" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Measure for Measure</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=merchantvenice" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Merchant of Venice</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=merrywives" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Merry Wives of Windsor</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=midsummer" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Midsummer Night's Dream</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=muchado" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Much Ado about Nothing</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=tamingshrew" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Taming of the Shrew</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=tempest" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Tempest</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=12night" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Twelfth Night</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=twogents" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Two Gentlemen of Verona</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=winterstale" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Winter's Tale</span></strong></a></li></ul></div><h3 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">HISTORIES</span></strong></h3><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding-left: 20px;"><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry4p1" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry IV, Part I</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry4p2" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry IV, Part II</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry5" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry V</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry6p1" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry VI, Part I</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry6p2" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry VI, Part II</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry6p3" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry VI, Part III</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=henry8" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Henry VIII</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=kingjohn" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">King John</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=pericles" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Pericles</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=richard2" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Richard II</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=richard3" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Richard III</span></strong></a></li></ul></div><h3 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">TRAGEDIES</span></strong></h3><div style="padding-left: 20px;"><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=antonycleo" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Antony and Cleopatra</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=coriolanus" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Coriolanus</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=cymbeline" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Cymbeline</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=hamlet" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Hamlet</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=juliuscaesar" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Julius Caesar</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=kinglear" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">King Lear</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=macbeth" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Macbeth</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=othello" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Othello</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=romeojuliet" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Romeo and Juliet</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=timonathens" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Timon of Athens</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkID=titus"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Titus Andronicus</span></strong></a></li><li class="playlist" style="line-height: 42px; list-style: outside none none; text-indent: -20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Troilus and Cressida</span></strong></li></ul><div style="text-indent: -20px;"><span style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Montserrat, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.2px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Karnad's best-known plays</span></span></div><div style="text-indent: -20px;"><span style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Montserrat, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.2px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">One of Karnad's best-known works, this 1964 play tells the story of 14th-century Delhi ruler Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. </span></span></div><div style="text-indent: -20px;"><span style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Montserrat, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.2px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-indent: -20px;"><ul style="font-family: sans-serif; list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Maa Nishaadha</i>" (One Act Play)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Yayati</i>" (1961)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tughlaq_(play)" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Tughlaq (play)">Tughlaq</a></i>" (1964) (translated in Hindustani by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._V._Karanth" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="B. V. Karanth">B. V. Karanth</a>. Major Indian directors who have staged it: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasanna_(theatre_director)" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Prasanna (theatre director)">Prasanna</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Gaur" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Arvind Gaur">Arvind Gaur</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh_Thakur" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Dinesh Thakur">Dinesh Thakur</a> & <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyamanand_Jalan" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Shyamanand Jalan">Shyamanand Jalan</a> (in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>).</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayavadana" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Hayavadana">Hayavadana</a></i>" (1971)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Anjumallige</i>" (1977) (translated in Bengali name "JAMINI", by Dr. Biswa Roy, </span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Hittina Hunja</i>" aka "<i>Bali</i>" (The Sacrifice) (1980)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Nagamandala</i>" (1988) (Play with Cobra), based on the script of this play, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagamandala" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Nagamandala">Nagamandala</a>, A movie in Kannada language was released in 1997, starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Raj" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Prakash Raj">Prakash Raj</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayalakshmi_(Kannada_actress)" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)">Vijayalakshmi</a>.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taledanda" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Taledanda">Taledanda</a></i>" (1990) (Death by Beheading), in Hindi it is known as <i>Rakt-Kalyan</i> translated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Gopal_Bajaj" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ram Gopal Bajaj">Ram Gopal Bajaj</a>, first directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a> for NSD rep., then by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Gaur" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Arvind Gaur">Arvind Gaur</a> (1995–2008, still running) for Asmita Theater Group, New Delhi.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Agni mattu Male</i>" (1995) (<i>Agni Aur Varsha</i>, The Fire and the Rain), first directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasanna_(theatre_director)" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Prasanna (theatre director)">Prasanna</a> for NSD Rep.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Tipu Sultan Kanda Kanasu</i>" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dreams_of_Tipu_Sultan" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="The Dreams of Tipu Sultan">The Dreams of Tipu Sultan</a>)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Odakalu Bimba</i>" (2006) (Hindi, <i>Bikre Bimb</i>; English, <i>A heap of Broken Images</i>)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Maduve Album</i>" (2006)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Flowers</i>" (2012)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Benda Kaalu on Toast</i>" (2012)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>Rakshasa Tangadi</i>" (2018)</span></li></ul><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSKEV7zDLek">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSKEV7zDLe</a></span></div><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: xx-large;">Types of Playwriting</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Playwriting can be done in the following most common areas: </span></p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left; touch-action: manipulation;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;">Ten-Minute Plays:</span> A good ten-minute play is not a sketch or an extended gag, rather it’s a complete, compact play, with a beginning, middle, and end. </span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;">One-Act Plays:</span> A good one-act focuses on one main action or problem; there’s no time to get into complicated layers of the plot. They can run from fifteen minutes to an hour or so.</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLpNuHbSylc&pp=ygUaT25lLUFjdCBQbGF5L2lyb20gc2hhcm1pbGE%3D" style="font-size: x-large;">irome sharmila</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;">Full-Length Plays:</span> Full-Length plays are also called evening-length plays because they’re long enough to be their evening. </span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;">Musicals:</span> These are rare acts, and musical plays can run the gamut in length from ten minutes. </span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSyedQl9IiQ&pp=ygUObXVzaWNhbHMgcGxheXM%3D">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSyedQl9IiQ&pp=ygUObXVzaWNhbHMgcGxheXM%3D</a></span></li><ul><li style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li></ul></ul><span style="background-color: white; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Six Aristotelian Elements of Playwriting </span></div><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: ol 0; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; line-height: var(--pk-toc-ol-line-height); list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 1.5rem; touch-action: manipulation;"><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><span class="schema-faq-question" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">What does plotting mean in playwriting?</span></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"></p><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Playwriting is the art of writing a script for a play or drama. The profession of playwriting has been around for centuries, although it was more popular during some eras. </span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Successful playwriting depends not only on dialogue but on intelligent plotting, credible characterization, and the ability to develop a theme.</span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">The arrangement of events or incidents on the stage is known as plotting. The plot is composed of clearly defined problems for the characters to solve. It is to be differentiated from the story which is a chronological detailing of events that happened on and off stage. </span></p></li><li style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><p class="schema-faq-answer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">The playwright must create a plot that should be credible and astonishing.</span></p></li><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: ol 0; line-height: var(--pk-toc-ol-line-height); list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#plot" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Plot</span></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.25rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#characterization" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Characterization</span></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.25rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#theme" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Theme</span></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.25rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#dialogue" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Dialogue </span></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.25rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#rhythm" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Rhythm</span></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.25rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"><a href="https://leverageedu.com/blog/playwriting/#spectacle" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; color: black; font-size: large;">Spectacle</span></a></li></ol></ol><div><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plot" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="plot" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Plot</span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">The arrangement of events or incidents on the stage is known as plotting. The plot is composed of clearly defined problems for the characters to solve. It is to be differentiated from the story which is a chronological detailing of events that happened on and off stage.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;"> The playwright must create a plot that should be credible and astonishing. </span></p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-characterization" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="characterization" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Characterization</span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Characterization is another skill that the writer for the stage must come to faster. Characters must be “round” and not “flat”, meaning that they must have multiple dimensions, a thinkable combination of needs, hopes, inhibition, and fears of real human beings. Characters must motivate the events of the plot. </span></p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-theme" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="theme" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Theme</span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">The theme is a reason the playwright write the play. Playwriting must include something which it describes. A playwright must have a purpose that the literary work embodies. </span></p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dialogue" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="dialogue" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dialogue </span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dialogue is a credible form of discourse that avoids cliche and artificiality and that varies just as characters do. Dramatic dialogue in playwriting must consist of two parts; narrative and dramatic. </span></p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rhythm" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="rhythm" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Rhythm</span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Rhythm is the heart of the play. Plot, character, dialogue, and spectacle all have their rhythms in time. The combination of all these rhythms creates the impelling force of the play leading to a final climax. Rhythm creates the mood. </span></p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-spectacle" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: h4 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; touch-action: manipulation;"><span id="spectacle" style="box-sizing: border-box; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Spectacle</span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; touch-action: manipulation;"><span style="font-size: large;">Everything that is seen or heard on stage. Actors, sets, costumes, lights, and sound</span></p></div><ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: ol 0; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; line-height: var(--pk-toc-ol-line-height); list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 1.5rem; touch-action: manipulation;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.5rem; padding-left: 2.5rem; position: relative; touch-action: manipulation;"></li></ol><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Act One</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Scene 1</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Writopia Lab, New York City. Day.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-left: 30px;"><em><span style="font-size: large;">DAN, a tall Writopia instructor, sits on the couch. He munches on a bunch of potato chips, crumbs fall on his lap. He brushes them off into the crevasses of the couch. REBECCA enters the room with her coat on.</span></em></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">REBECCA</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dan?</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">DAN</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">What?</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">REBECCA</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Did you just brush off your crumbs in the couch?</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">DAN</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-left: 30px;"><em><span style="font-size: large;">shrugging</span></em></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">No.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">REBECCA</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">You’re lying. And now I have to sweep them up.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-left: 30px;"><em><span style="font-size: large;">DAN gets up and walks up to REBECCA.</span></em></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">DAN</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Don’t worry about it. I’ll do it.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-left: 30px;"><em><span style="font-size: large;">REBECCA and DAN freeze, staring at one another as the lights on them dim down. Lights come up from behind the couch, where a large chip crumb named NORMAN breaks out into song.</span></em></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">NORMAN THE CRUMB</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dan won’t sweep me up, he will forget about me. I’m so lucky — here at Writopia with instructors like Dan!</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: Source Sans Pro; font-size: large;">https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/plays.php</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: Source Sans Pro; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/plays.php">https://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/plays.php</a><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/plays-theater-newcomers-should-see-2713601">https://www.thoughtco.com/plays-theater-newcomers-should-see-2713601</a><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/56113845/Two-Tamil-Play-Scripts#"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">tamil drama script</span></a><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-86702166237532840032023-03-21T04:33:00.001-07:002024-01-04T04:32:09.074-08:00Why is editing an important part of filmmaking?<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4z2PWIN8C3gxkfjpMIJ79mvifGu5ZnTGTpPvecxFBocvDwZMkJ5J1RFMd6NDtQStfQtUBGue3CDK7hafebc9TbCxwj9Kpy1kCK-ZM9XvMwfgC4N5Cq9v1ATefUb5TAFxKIFfiYR7kv6Z-l1sFDSwcm8mb_tOyTZOW62BOr2y6mx4aXtHtsMETbyg/s720/Video_editor.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4z2PWIN8C3gxkfjpMIJ79mvifGu5ZnTGTpPvecxFBocvDwZMkJ5J1RFMd6NDtQStfQtUBGue3CDK7hafebc9TbCxwj9Kpy1kCK-ZM9XvMwfgC4N5Cq9v1ATefUb5TAFxKIFfiYR7kv6Z-l1sFDSwcm8mb_tOyTZOW62BOr2y6mx4aXtHtsMETbyg/w400-h300/Video_editor.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Editors are part creatives and part technicians. </span></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">We need a comprehensive understanding of the industry standard editing softwares. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">These include </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Adobe Premiere Pro vs. Final Cut Pro<span>, and </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Da Vinci Resolve<span>.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">Narrative continuity:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> </span></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">Film editing is the art of connecting shots, scenes, and sequences to pull a movie’s story together. Shot length, camera angle emphasis, scene order and transitions, and sound design all impact viewer experience. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33eWqDZ6sRc&pp=ygUWTmFycmF0aXZlIGNvbnRpbnVpdHk6IA%3D%3D">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33eWqDZ6sRc&pp=ygUWTmFycmF0aXZlIGNvbnRpbnVpdHk6IA%3D%3D</a><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">An editor could be selecting and cleaning up the best footage, placing it in the right order, and matching it with the right audio and soundtrack, editors also give a rhythm to a movie’s progression. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">Tone:</span></span></h1><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;"> Editing in film is also used as a visual language. The editor creates emotional meaning. Even seemingly small decisions in the editing room—such as using sharp, short cuts instead of leaving in long, unbroken shots—influences a scene’s tone. Some editing decisions can change the entire feeling of a film. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mediation:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></b></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">An editor can also be a mediator between the different departments of a film and contribute their own creative ideas throughout the filmmaking process. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;"><b>Learn the intentions of different cuts and transitions</b>: </span></span></h2><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">Use the cuts intentionally in your editing. </span></h2><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Use a smash cut to emphasis a shocking moment. </span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Use L-cuts and J-cuts to make conversations flow naturally. </span>Use insert shots to give the audience vital information without wordy exposition. </span></li></ol><p></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>Match the editing to the film's tone</b>:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">The editing made for a film directed toward crafting its overall narrative. </span></span></h2><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">For example, an action movie such as “John Wick” is edited to be fast and fluid, while a period drama such as “There Will Be Blood” is slow and weighty.</span></span></h2><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">The editing gives appropriate tone of the film. </span></span></h2><div class="remotearticle" id="75550" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin: 0px auto; padding-bottom: 40px; padding-top: 30px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 414px;"><div class="remotearticle__tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; text-align: justify; top: 15px; width: 414px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.32px; text-align: left;">S</span><b style="font-family: helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.32px; text-align: left;">tudy acting</b><span style="font-family: helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.32px; text-align: left;">: </span></span></div></div><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">A great video editor can understand the components of a great performance. Often, he will be building scenes from multiple takes</span></h2><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Be original:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></span></h2><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">Good editing can also mean assembling a film in an unconventional way that mixes up the structure. Editing can also be used to create a distinct visual style and identity for a film. Think of “Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance),” which was made to look like a single, uncut shot. </span></span></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;"><b>Be evocative</b>: </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> Film editors must also be well versed in technical elements such as film segments, shots and camera movements, cuts, and continuity. </span></p></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>Momentary editing</b>:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">This is the basic shot placement, cuts, dialogue flow, action, and continuity within scenes.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>Structural editing</b></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hwl-jxLwmAE&pp=ygUUU3RydWN0dXJhbCBlZGl0aW5nOiA%3D"> Structural editing</a></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">This is the big picture of the film, which includes pacing, scene order, sequences, and plot movements.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;"><b>Segments of a film</b>: </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;">Editing a film is the process of building up bits and pieces until you’re eventually left with a complete project. Here are the building blocks used by film editors:</span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Shot: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">A continuous piece of footage between cuts.</span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Scene: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">The basic storytelling unit of a film, scenes are compositions of shots and audio in a singular space and time. </span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sequence: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">A distinct narrative segment of a film that is made up of multiple related scenes—</span></span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Act: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">One of the major blocks of a film that encompasses multiple sequences. Many films follow a </span><a href="https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/create-content-3041/" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">three-act structure</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> that includes common elements of storytelling, such as a climax in the third act followed by a resolution and falling action.</span></span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XA87UorMO-U&pp=ygUTTW9tZW50YXJ5IGVkaXRpbmc6IA%3D%3D">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XA87UorMO-U&pp=ygUTTW9tZW50YXJ5IGVkaXRpbmc6IA%3D%3D</a><br /></span></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Shots and camera movements</span>: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Even though camera work isn’t the editor’s direct responsibility, they should know the basics. Learning about the art of cinematography—especially </span>the different kinds of shots<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span>camera movements<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—is essential for knowing how to make a balanced edit.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>Cuts</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">: </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">In the video editing process, a cut refers to the shift from one clip to another. The term “cutting” came from the era when all movies were cut and spliced together on reels of physical film. Today, the majority of editing is done in digital programs such as Adobe Premiere Pro and Final Cut Pro. A few different kinds of cuts include</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>Standard/hard cut</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">:</span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> A simple transition from one shot to another that’s most commonly used within scenes.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">Smash cut:</span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> A sharp, snap change of one scene to another that emphasizes two contrasting elements. This cut is usually used to highlight a particular story beat, such as a punch line to a joke in a comedy or a way to release a tense moment in a horror or action movie. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>Split edit</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">: </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">A deliberate mismatch of video and audio between scenes. Either the audio from the next scene begins before the video (a J-cut) or the video proceeds the audio (an L-cut)</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>Cutaway</span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)">:</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> This is when an editor embeds a shot from a different time and space into a scene as a way of introducing new information or story beats. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>Montage</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">: </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">The French word for “assembly,” a montage is an arrangement of short clips into a continuous sequence. Montages are typically set to music or narration and convey a lot of narrative information in a brief segment of the film. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">A cut can also mean one of the different versions of a film. Among the different kinds are:</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>The assembly cut</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">: </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">the editor’s first version of the project.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span>The rough cut:</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">an unfinished version of the project that implements notes and tweaks from the director but still includes temp sound, music, and VFX, as well as scenes that will ultimately be trimmed or cut from </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; hyphens: initial; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">the </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">Final cut</span></span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">:</span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"> </span><span color="var(--color-primary1)" style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">the version of the project that is locked with finished music and VFX</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Continuity</span>: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">One of an editor’s primary duties is maintaining continuity, or consistency of time and space within the film. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">In the shot-to-shot sense, continuity means that the visual and audio elements line up. For example, if a character is standing in a corner and holding a prop in one shot, they should be in the same position in the next, unless an action has occurred. Audio, like dialogue or diegetic sounds (sounds that originate within the world of the film), should also flow between shots.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5lsgRxb4Odg" width="320" youtube-src-id="5lsgRxb4Odg"></iframe></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span>Plot continuity is arguably even more important than visual and audio continuity.</span> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">During the video editing process, a lot may be left on the cutting room floor. Shots, scenes, and entire characters might be trimmed out depending on what the director, producers, and studio decide. As a result, the film’s editor has to keep a sharp eye on the setup and payoff of plot points.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-49579405036223765112023-03-21T02:39:00.003-07:002023-03-21T03:45:54.473-07:00Types Of Transitions In Film<p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"> <a href="https://www.musicgateway.com/blog/how-to/film-transition">https://www.musicgateway.com/blog/how-to/film-transition</a></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Different types of transitions in film are a vital part of the filmmaking process. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Film transitions are extremely important in film, as they can </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">help to set the mood or tone of a scene. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">and </span><span style="background-color: white;">help to signify to the audience the passing of a certain amount of time or to separate out parts of the narrative. </span></span></li></ol><p></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Types Of Transitions In Film</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">In this section of the article, we will detail the main types of transitions in film. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #ead1dc;">They are techniques that are used to combine shots in film. This can be achieved during the filming, or editing process. Film transitions are extremely important in film, as they can help to set the mood or tone of a scene. </span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><u>The Dissolve </u></span></h3><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">The dissolve is a film transition editing technique. It gives the impression of one video clip dissolving into the next one that appears on screen. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><b>The quick dissolves </b>convey action and life, and <b>the slower dissolve</b>s are used to create an atmosphere of despair. </span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><u>The Cutaway </u></span></h3></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #232d39; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px;">A </span><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/cutaway-shot/" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(92, 92, 255) !important; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; font-weight: initial; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">cutaway</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #232d39; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px;"> is a shot that “cuts away” from the main action to show supporting information – then returns to the main shot to reinforce that information. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #232d39; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px;">Cutaways can be used to transport us to a different time and place in order to confirm something that a character said. Cutaways can also be used to show something happening in the same scene as the main action</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #232d39; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">A cutaway shot is a supplementary shot that “cuts away” from the main action to indicate something else in the space, such as an object or location. </span><span style="background-color: white;">Cutaway shots enrich the story and are a great way to show essential elements of the story instead of telling them to the audience through exposition.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TKXBAaQB03U" width="320" youtube-src-id="TKXBAaQB03U"></iframe></span></div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large;">T</span><u style="font-size: x-large;">he Wipe </u></span></p></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">It will be easier here to break up the different transition techniques that the wipe can offer. </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">There’s the iris wipe (the shape of a circle), matrix wipe (the pattern of shapes), clock wipe (rotating the shape in clock hands), heart wipe (the shape of a heart) and the invisible wipe (the use of walls to cover cut). </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">The two most commonly used are the natural wipe and the iris wipe. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">The natural wipe is pretty self-explanatory, as the aim of the transition is to be as seamless as possible for the audience. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">The iris wipe is used to focus on the cemental subject while cropping out the majority of the rest of the frame. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><u style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">The Fade </span></u></p></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">This is one of the most common types of transitions in film. It’s typically used to signify the beginning or ending of a scene. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">It’s a popular transition technique for filmmakers who are fading to black or white. </span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><u>The L Cut & J Cut </u></span></h3></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Let’s begin with the L Cut. This type of film transition technique is also known as a split edit, and it’s a film technique that’s been around since the analog filming days.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Put simply, it’s when the sound of the scene of a film transitions over to the next scene (or shot) despite the fact the sound no longer matches the video. These types of edits are great for portraying conversions between characters.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xj3vPmIB-iY" width="320" youtube-src-id="Xj3vPmIB-iY"></iframe></span></div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><br /></span><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><u>Match Cut </u></span></h3><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="color: #2c2c2c; font-size: x-large; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">A match cut is an edit in cinematography that uses elements of one scene in the transition to the next scene. The purpose is to create a visual match for different scenes that are not inherently linked, like scenes set in different locations, by having a second shot that — in some way — mirrors the first.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">A match cut uses two similar shapes, sounds, outlines, or actions to seamlessly cut from one image to another. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><i style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c2c2c;">“</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c;">It’s useful for when you are doing something in one shot, and you know that your next shot is going to involve something moving in the same direction or the same position in the frame as the one previous,</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Match cutting doesn’t have to be just for movement. It can also be used to illustrate the passage of time, as in a montage. Or it can also be used to connect similar shapes with the same frame composition</span></span></div><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><div id="article__cta__text" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yQtCtvHZ3V4" width="320" youtube-src-id="yQtCtvHZ3V4"></iframe></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><u style="letter-spacing: 0.32px; text-align: left;">Jump Cut </u></span></div></div></h3></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">French illusionist and filmmaker Georges Méliès is credited as the “inventor” of the jump cut after accidentally discovering the effect in the late 1800s.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Jump cuts are used in editing to purposefully break the rules of continuity to emphasize a point, elicit an emotional reaction from the audience, or avoid monotony, especially when depicting the passage of time.</span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: 0.32px; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">Emphasizing changing mental state</span><span style="background-color: white;">s</span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">There are various methods that can be used to highlight a character’s mood; a jump cut is an extremely effective way to illustrate how quickly someone goes from joy to sorrow, or across another range of emotions and/or mental states. Increasing confusion, nervousness, or showing an unpleasant mood without lingering too long is one benefit of this tool. </span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: 0.32px; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: #6fa8dc; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Elevating tension</span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">A jump cut can push the terror closer to the camera without giving the viewer a chance to look away, heightening an unsettling atmosphere.</span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: 0.32px; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">Adding special effects</span></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; hyphens: initial; letter-spacing: 0.32px; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">This is a tried and tested way to increase scares by removing or adding something to the frame, as it’s disquieting for both characters and audiences</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/03zw4RNv0gE" width="320" youtube-src-id="03zw4RNv0gE"></iframe></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><br /><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;">Jump cuts are often meant to disorient or surprise, if used incorrectly or inappropriately, they can be distracting. While a jump cut is far from the only tool in the video editor’s arsenal, there is a time and place for the technique.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-contextual; letter-spacing: 0.32px;"><br /></span></span><p></p><h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: 44px; margin: 20px 0px 30px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"></span></h2><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #232d39; font-size: 36px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">Define continuity editing.</span></h3></div><div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #232d39; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">Continuity editing</span> is an editing system used to maintain consistency of both time and space in the film. Continuity editing helps ground audiences in the reality of the film while establishing a clear and structured narrative.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #232d39; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">The goal of continuity editing is to make the mechanisms of filmmaking invisible as to help the audience dismiss disbelief more easily.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #232d39; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">.</span></p><h3 class="" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #232d39; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); font-size: 36px !important; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px;">Crosscut</h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #232d39; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.9 !important; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/cross-cutting-parallel-editing-definition/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(92, 92, 255) !important; font-size: inherit; font-weight: initial; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Cross cuts</a> go back and forth between two shots that are happening at the same time in order to build scale, continuity and or tension. <a class="tve-froala" data-darkreader-inline-outline="" data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/tag/christopher-nolan/" style="--darkreader-inline-outline: initial; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(92, 92, 255) !important; font-size: inherit; font-weight: initial; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Christopher Nolan</a> does an amazing job of using cross cuts in movies like <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/tag/memento/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(92, 92, 255) !important; font-size: inherit; font-weight: initial; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">Memento </i></a>and <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.studiobinder.com/tag/interstellar/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(92, 92, 255) !important; font-size: inherit; font-weight: initial; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><i style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">Interstellar</i></a>. Let’s take a look at a video that explores the art of Nolan's cross-cutting.</p></div><div><div id="newsletter-signup" style="bottom: -1000px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 30px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin-left: -30px; max-width: 846px; position: fixed; transition: all 0.8s ease-in-out 0s; z-index: 11;"><div class="wrapper" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex;"><div class="bg-wrapper" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(100, 19, 106) 0px, rgb(47, 14, 51) 100%); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; width: 465.297px;"><div class="bg" style="background-image: url("/marketing-website/dist/img/components/blog-signup/blog-newsletter-signup-background.png"); background-position: 50% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: inherit; height: 679px; padding: 60px;"><div class="quote" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 600;"><span style="color: black; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">“Making it in this business, means making sure you have everything you need to succeed.”</span></span></div></div></div><div class="desc" style="box-sizing: inherit; padding: 60px 30px; width: 380.688px;"><div class="inner" style="box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 30px;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 600;"><span style="color: black; font-family: trebuchet; font-size: large;">W</span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-3409852505346527102023-03-20T03:02:00.000-07:002023-03-20T03:02:03.411-07:00cell phone photography<p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsHRzUz5B_bWFImd7ZKNunKBFCoXnNjBQyd3jLIJ8_rnngBt5QgBaIjYQw-7JXv2AkKuBekZkm5pQxIDaOWA6sYPgHnmpBNQaGw8bSHmfDoTaBQkD-OO9rW606VpGqUyMwZoBvaQHnwKuHn387PPMmAhgj2E-nfXqxIajke48Z4APqSNsCZSqMNBx7/s650/519421-buildings-cars.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="650" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsHRzUz5B_bWFImd7ZKNunKBFCoXnNjBQyd3jLIJ8_rnngBt5QgBaIjYQw-7JXv2AkKuBekZkm5pQxIDaOWA6sYPgHnmpBNQaGw8bSHmfDoTaBQkD-OO9rW606VpGqUyMwZoBvaQHnwKuHn387PPMmAhgj2E-nfXqxIajke48Z4APqSNsCZSqMNBx7/s320/519421-buildings-cars.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Photography is more than just taking a picture. It is an outlet for creativity, vision, and
imagination. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It can give you a sense of purpose, a mode of storytelling, and a different
perspective on things. It can even take you to new places and help you meet new people. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Smartphone photography is different from digital photography using a camera because it is so
instant and accessible.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="background-color: #ead1dc; color: #0c343d; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">Smartphone photography is </span><b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">taking pictures with your phone</b><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">. It could be an iPhone or Android, old or new</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Instagram, a photo and video sharing
app, has over 95 million photos uploaded to it every day! </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><u><b>The Basics of Smart Phone Photography</b></u></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Three Photography Basics </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><u><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">1. <b>Clean </b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>your phone's l</b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>ens</b>. </span></u></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Make sure your camera lenses are clear! Ensuring they are dust and smudge
free will result in a clear picture. You can do this by using a microfiber cloth and/or a lens
wipe </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">before taking a photo. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><u>2. Turn on the Grid. </u></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVJp1S-KOU6fA5S04VtyAidZo-qh73Aer1IzMng2IednbrdBxGUCR351wK7MJm-L5WrMiJkHVrvIAKeTvD9g1rklzaDrsUaHmnY1GGxxgXlVECwkHluaSZXKd6qi2K61lAGRWZaWgEG4zCN_UKCM9N6KKRjFLxGJHdeZm-ksS9IgHgeGVkLF8Xdiv/s1120/24559_iPhone-Camera-Features_w1120.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1120" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVJp1S-KOU6fA5S04VtyAidZo-qh73Aer1IzMng2IednbrdBxGUCR351wK7MJm-L5WrMiJkHVrvIAKeTvD9g1rklzaDrsUaHmnY1GGxxgXlVECwkHluaSZXKd6qi2K61lAGRWZaWgEG4zCN_UKCM9N6KKRjFLxGJHdeZm-ksS9IgHgeGVkLF8Xdiv/s320/24559_iPhone-Camera-Features_w1120.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">One of the easiest and best ways to improve your mobile photos is to turn on the camera's gridlines. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">According to this theory, if you place points of interest in these intersections or along the lines, your photo will be more balanced, level, and allow viewers to interact with it more naturally. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> You can turn on this option in the camera
settings. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><u><span style="font-weight: 500;">3. </span>Set your camera's focus<span style="font-weight: 500;">.</span></u></span></h3><div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_fWG2k8xKR6uLiqTLw49f8nWIewCDOlJy6DdYlAY1P8RHBxG2LkODuQEOnVexInuFxLNOXSLEcviHMawhP-SRoWJXWjVOF2ez89rW0ai6ORCa_Q8r-sSIDfcHdd8r6V4ZNCVGo7afjc6YNSRoJr3gjXIjVeu7cP5uEx14o9dNhmiLbQZ-w-QtAeVG/s840/Smartphone-camera-auto-focus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="840" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_fWG2k8xKR6uLiqTLw49f8nWIewCDOlJy6DdYlAY1P8RHBxG2LkODuQEOnVexInuFxLNOXSLEcviHMawhP-SRoWJXWjVOF2ez89rW0ai6ORCa_Q8r-sSIDfcHdd8r6V4ZNCVGo7afjc6YNSRoJr3gjXIjVeu7cP5uEx14o9dNhmiLbQZ-w-QtAeVG/s320/Smartphone-camera-auto-focus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></span></div><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Today's phone cameras automatically focus on the foreground of your frame. To adjust where you want your camera lens to focus, open your camera app and tap the screen where you want to sharpen the view. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">A square or circular icon should then appear on your camera screen, shifting the focus of your shot to all of the content inside that icon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> 4. HDR. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">HDR stands for High Dynamic Range. High dynamic range or HDR, is a camera app feature that helps balance the light and dark elements in a high-contrast photo. It can be used to give photos a more creative, or artsy vibe, but it is commonly used to produce an image that looks similar to how you see it with your eyes. It is a setting you can turn on or off. When
turned on, the camera takes 3 photos at different exposures and combines them into 1
photo. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">This could be used for photographing landscapes, sunlight portraits, and lowlight/backlit scenes. It should be avoided for movement shots, high-contrast scenes, and
vivid colors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">SHOT COMPOSITION: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Rule of Thirds, </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Rule of Thirds Using the grid breaks up the frame into thirds horizontally or vertically. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Leading Lines, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Perspective </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">1. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">2. </span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Use leading lines.</span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">When we look at a photo, our eyes can wander all around the frame. When there are leading lines, our eyes are drawn to the lines and what they lead to. Leading lines can be found in the city through streets and buildings, and in nature with mountains, reflections, pathways, etc. as seen in the photos below. </span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Leading lines are great for creating a sense of depth in an image, and can make your photo look purposefully designed — even if you just happened to come upon a really cool shape by accident.</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">3. <b>Perspective</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b> To create a sense of depth, you can use a few techniques: </b></span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Find different perspectives.</span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Taking photos from a unique, unexpected angle can make them more memorable — it tends to create an illusion of depth or height with the subjects. It also makes the image stand <g class="gr_ gr_238 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" data-gr-id="238" id="238" style="box-sizing: border-box;">out,</g> since most mobile photos are taken either straight -on or from a bird's eye view.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Try taking a photo directly upward and playing with the sky as negative space, like in the first photo below. Or, you can try taking it at a slight down.</span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">• Low angle shot - the camera is placed lower to the ground than the subject, and you are
shooting up at it. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">• High angle shot - the subject looks smaller because you are shooting above it, looking down. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">• Lateral movement - you move to the left or right of a subject to get a better angle. </span></li></ol><p></p></blockquote></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">• First-person point of view - as if you were peeking out of the tree. Those few
leaves would be blurry, and your landscape would be in focus. </span></li></ol><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Zoom – This refers to making a subject looker closer or farther away in an image. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Optical zoom involves the use of a lens that physically extends from the camera to magnify
a subject, achieving the same effect as if you moved closer. There is no loss of quality using
this. </span></li></ul><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span> </span>For
Android phones, check with your particular model.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> • Digital zoom increases the size of the image, cropping the edges. This results in a poor
image quality. If the zoom-in is small, the image quality may not really be affected. It is
when a subject is far away and the more you zoom in, the more image quality drops. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b> Golden Hour</b> – Use natural light.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It's hard to find a great smartphone photo that was taken with a flash. Most of the time, they make a photo look overexposed, negatively altering colors and making human subjects look washed out.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Take advantage of the sources of natural light you can find, even after dark. This gives you a chance to play with shadows, like in the second image below, or create a silhouette with other ambient sources of light, like traffic and surrounding buildings. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Considered a great time to shoot photos, golden hour is the first hour of light
after sunrise, and the last hour of light before sunset. The natural light is softer and redder, and
there are no sharp shadows as there would be with overhead sunlight. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">This light is popular for
selfies and silhouette photos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><u>Focus on one subject.</u></span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Many of the best photos include just one, interesting subject. So when taking a picture of one, spend some extra time setting up the shot. Some professional photographers say that the subject shouldn't fill the entire frame, and that <a href="https://thesmartphonephotographer.com/how-smartphone-cameras-focus/" rel="noopener" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">two-thirds of the photo should be negative space</a> — that helps the subject stand out even more.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">But be sure you tap the screen of your smartphone to focus the camera on your subject — that'll help to ensure that it's focused and the lighting is oMacro Photography – This is extreme, close up photography. It is great for photographing the
details of nature (bugs, plants, small animals), and capturing the texture of larger objects. You
can buy separate lenses for your phone for this, or you can just get really close (a few inches
away) and focus on your subject. </span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><u>Hold your phone still.</u></span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">While smartphones have given us the benefit of taking photos on the go, the cameras on our phones are still sensitive to movement. To help avoid blurry or warped photos, steady your camera first.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">You can lean on a friend or wall to prevent your arms or hands from wobbling, or prop your phone up using books or similar objects to steady your phone</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Photo editing apps let you shoot, edit, organize, and share your photos. There are
hundreds out there.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">There are websites where you can post your pictures online for yourself or to
share. You can make albums, send out links, and store photos all on a photo hosting site. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Jamie
Spencer at Make a Website Hub reviewed 13 free image hosting sites5
if you want to share a
photo or gallery with friends, family, the Internet, etc. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Accessories – If you want to spend the money, you can purchase extras to enhance your
photography experience. Some things include a tripod to keep the camera steady, lenses that
clip onto the phone for better zoom shots, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">a remote shutter control that lets you take a picture
when you are standing away from the phone, microfiber cloths to keep your lens clean, and LED
lights for better lighting. </span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Consider buying a mobile tripod.</span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Although mobile devices make it easy to snap any photo on the go, there's never been an easy way to ensure the shot stays level and balanced when you shoot — especially if you want to be in the picture and not just take a typical selfie with your extended arm.</span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.42; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Embrace negative space.</span></h3><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"Negative space" simply refers to the areas around and between the subjects of an image — and it can take a photo from "good" to "great."</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.78; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">When you include a lot of empty space in a photo, your subject will stand out more and evoke a stronger reaction from your viewer. And w</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Activity
• </span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Focus on something using the exposure settings to adjust how much light is allowed in. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Play with the zoom feature! Walk up to something and take a picture. Then walk away and
zoom in and take another picture of the same thing. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Compare the two for image quality. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Best Photo Apps of 2020. Pixpa.
https://www.pixpa.com/blog/photo-apps
5
Spencer, J. (n.d . Best Free Image Hosting Sites Guide For 2020. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Make a Website Hub.
https://makeawebsitehub.com/free-photo-hosting/ </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Get up close and personal with a macro shot! Photography is an art that is learned. Get some inspiration by using a Google image search,
look up photography styles, or search for the concepts learned in this program and look to
the images. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Get to know your phone camera and the built-in photo editor! You will learn what your
phone is capable of and will understand how external editing apps may help. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Start your journey at home! Move things around and set up your shot to practice the
concepts we covered. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><a href="https://lacountylibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/DIY-Library-Program-Phone-Photography.pdf"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">https://lacountylibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/DIY-Library-Program-Phone-Photography.pdf</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><a href="https://agrilife.org/bell4h/files/2017/01/1-Photography-101-Updated-Jan-2017.pdf"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">https://agrilife.org/bell4h/files/2017/01/1-Photography-101-Updated-Jan-2017.pdf</span></a><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-74027429534725070892023-03-02T02:05:00.005-08:002023-03-02T02:06:08.815-08:00Lighting Techniques <p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">There are many aspects of portrait photography that will help</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> <u>set the mood and allow dramatic</u></span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">1) Split Lighting</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">2) Rembrandt Lighting</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">3) Butterfly Lighting</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">4) Loop Lighting</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">5) Flat Lighting</span></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">1) Split Lighting</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">With split lighting, the face is basically split in half with one side shadowed and the other side </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">with light. Split lighting offers a dramatic effect to an image.</span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcBfxQw-BzvBwQ8YfW802--QwmseEE3aOT4pmxQu70OVyMpZIknKqa7IbQD4ET6bLMzt4RADLRPmK091BZzml2tIWlThS_IbtF2jBoi9xMBOF8gXj7wn5867tLkS0KReYbBASWOnqysn_S9A8id58W21x5sCAGfRYKIoKF4PT5tjGzV7y5PeJ95BuI/s1280/014-Split-Lighting-with-two-catch-lights-1280x853.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcBfxQw-BzvBwQ8YfW802--QwmseEE3aOT4pmxQu70OVyMpZIknKqa7IbQD4ET6bLMzt4RADLRPmK091BZzml2tIWlThS_IbtF2jBoi9xMBOF8gXj7wn5867tLkS0KReYbBASWOnqysn_S9A8id58W21x5sCAGfRYKIoKF4PT5tjGzV7y5PeJ95BuI/w400-h266/014-Split-Lighting-with-two-catch-lights-1280x853.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">To achieve the split lighting effect, place your light source (studio light, window light, sunlight </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">etc) 90 degrees to the left or right of the subject.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> The line separating light and shadow will be </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">down the middle of the nose and chin. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">2) Loop Lighting </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Loop lighting is one of the most flattering lighting effects for any subject. Loop lighting is </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">created when a small shadow of light (slightly loop shaped) is formed on the side/slightly </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">under the subjects nose. The shadow does not appear directly under the nose, but slightly on the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">side, reaching in toward the side of the face. It can be small and subtle or can stretch all the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">way down to the corner of the mouth. Below is one example of loop lighting: </span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnEKgmIgBrWVAGSc7ox8b5yS0dVnT21xi4Rz0Yu3qhOcGteWsFHyWOs4WNLQhkhlVWFbrjB4TCIqe1p8WnTqgZoafRq2YGrQ8CBCxTplA34r0kpsauU7tqlE6Mqy6kQPqMPejC3H7ryf_E3W_5AGuNqU1SeqR8gErjzxOy8X3RGKMxKsj9A4Tr4Oyq/s372/001-Classic-Loop-lighting-portrait-1280x853.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="372" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnEKgmIgBrWVAGSc7ox8b5yS0dVnT21xi4Rz0Yu3qhOcGteWsFHyWOs4WNLQhkhlVWFbrjB4TCIqe1p8WnTqgZoafRq2YGrQ8CBCxTplA34r0kpsauU7tqlE6Mqy6kQPqMPejC3H7ryf_E3W_5AGuNqU1SeqR8gErjzxOy8X3RGKMxKsj9A4Tr4Oyq/s320/001-Classic-Loop-lighting-portrait-1280x853.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">To create loop lighting, the main light is positioned 30-45 degrees from the camera around the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">subject's side. The light source should be higher than eye level and pointing down toward the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">subject's face in the direction they are facing. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">An additional light source (fill light) or reflector </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">can also be aimed at the darker side of the face to ease the shadows. Be sure to not place your </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">reflectors down low angle up. This will result in an unflattering effect. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">3) Rembrandt Lighting</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Rembrandt lighting is achieved by creating a triangle of light on the cheek. Rembrandt lighting is </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">more dramatic (similar to split lighting) and creates a moody, darker feel to the portrait. The </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">more shadow we add to our subject and the more we turn our light away from flat lighting, the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">more dramatic our lighting becomes! Below is an example of Rembrandt lighting: </span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN8MDhKNo6dozug-kRf7h2yTFtqC8jI--Wj5w83duBCDeEri6minVCNShR1zSLu66M1vXd771kjZj7FS1nTdmFWgpOPUYCPXqcEJgp0a6nf4VGxI7BZNnCAFN0KgsCMs74OsHR6HegOFWd5vqoS3z2xrnFft8TIuPgBMg0aKnH3rFWVqYH6s7vjS0-/s800/image8-1-800x600.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN8MDhKNo6dozug-kRf7h2yTFtqC8jI--Wj5w83duBCDeEri6minVCNShR1zSLu66M1vXd771kjZj7FS1nTdmFWgpOPUYCPXqcEJgp0a6nf4VGxI7BZNnCAFN0KgsCMs74OsHR6HegOFWd5vqoS3z2xrnFft8TIuPgBMg0aKnH3rFWVqYH6s7vjS0-/w400-h300/image8-1-800x600.webp" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">To create Rembrandt, lighting, the subject should be turned slightly away from the light. The </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">light should be above the top of the head. Move your main light around the subject until the </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">shadow of the nose is touching the shadow of the face. This should leave on side of the face in </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">shadow but keeps a triangle of light on the cheekbone and eye. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">4) Butterfly Lighting</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Butterfly lighting creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly! Butterfly lighting is </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">also known as Paramount Lighting named after classic Hollywood glamour style photography.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Below is an example of butterfly lighting: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">To achieve butterfly lighting, place the main light source directly behind the camera and slightly </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">above the subject's head. The photographer will be shooting underneath the light source. You </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">may need to place a reflector directly under the subject's chin (or the subject can hold it under </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">his/her chin if necessary). This light pattern is a little more difficult to create using window light </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">or a reflector alone. A harder source of light like the sun or a flash is usually needed to achieve </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">this look. Butterfly lighting will create shadows under the cheeks and chin. Butterfly lighting is</span><span style="font-family: georgia;">great for older subjects because it tends to minimize wrinkles! </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">5) Flat Lighting</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Flat lighting is the least dramatic of all the lighting patterns because it casts the least amount of </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">shadows on the subject's face. Flat lighting is used mainly for headshots and glamour editorial </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">type shots because it minimizes the amount of wrinkles and imperfections. Below is an example </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">of flat lighting: </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">To achieve flat lighting, place your main light in front of the subject in the same direction where </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">you will be shooting. Angle the light so it appear &#39;flat&#39; on the face. When using flat light, be sure </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">to light from slightly above the subject&#39;s face as lighting from below will look unflattering! </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">We encourage you to practice these lighting patterns and let us know what</span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-83522362886324592822023-02-20T01:14:00.005-08:002023-02-20T01:17:19.197-08:00The Different Parts of the Camera<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikMJdqUKslhRJKHT6-u-u_skI0tj8HdXtkS_MaglC2pN8Onsu_p6dQaeU5_O-4iWPtBc3SRiC9OARFAtlH2nOdT87wW1tNRwT5uk7sKa9719i20TpsAEX-2JxXv8g2rCA2VckxZZDgUsgooODOlvUhaRBKoJVS4fs9Qgj94lacEJywfhMA2HU0I_oh/s828/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="828" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikMJdqUKslhRJKHT6-u-u_skI0tj8HdXtkS_MaglC2pN8Onsu_p6dQaeU5_O-4iWPtBc3SRiC9OARFAtlH2nOdT87wW1tNRwT5uk7sKa9719i20TpsAEX-2JxXv8g2rCA2VckxZZDgUsgooODOlvUhaRBKoJVS4fs9Qgj94lacEJywfhMA2HU0I_oh/w640-h450/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg94-JTYPruSZOfbps1u8PKohKE42eGccclpMDNmDaLTL_HSZEhAh3y82bBqn9EJlrEYFi8UoU3u77Au6vtfLUHIQYbBd5aRXqF8xe5k1MnlYMDBAelfSP-YuVpXL8Hqqc2kAStSJsW2N8P7S7lipdi27PYBS1skXVZgAbJjghiVUNMlakpAOTtJ621/s828/eos-1500d_1766-1d.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="483" data-original-width="828" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg94-JTYPruSZOfbps1u8PKohKE42eGccclpMDNmDaLTL_HSZEhAh3y82bBqn9EJlrEYFi8UoU3u77Au6vtfLUHIQYbBd5aRXqF8xe5k1MnlYMDBAelfSP-YuVpXL8Hqqc2kAStSJsW2N8P7S7lipdi27PYBS1skXVZgAbJjghiVUNMlakpAOTtJ621/w838-h490/eos-1500d_1766-1d.jpg" width="838" /></a></div><br /> <span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">Press this button to release the shutter. </span><p></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">The shutter button press has two stages: </span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">Half-pressing the button activates the AF function,</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"> while pressing it down fully releases the shutter.</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBZOBqv0jyTMeq0zksUPAB1nz-HsG04tBXj6CQhUgHIE2EOEH6R4kMjfT0cO6IizcWb8DIt4wYVscAmQiezXx1YALzNSYFUFoE4D0Hdrk-4XmJMes_qGvrUmBqFrPaFwQibq0-ifvec9s9U-a8SnBLw0JsoprLbabEfR9NPZo9y3sinDyQk3qm7WiB/s260/shutter%20speed.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBZOBqv0jyTMeq0zksUPAB1nz-HsG04tBXj6CQhUgHIE2EOEH6R4kMjfT0cO6IizcWb8DIt4wYVscAmQiezXx1YALzNSYFUFoE4D0Hdrk-4XmJMes_qGvrUmBqFrPaFwQibq0-ifvec9s9U-a8SnBLw0JsoprLbabEfR9NPZo9y3sinDyQk3qm7WiB/s16000/shutter%20speed.jpg" /></a></div><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">This is the section that connects the interchangeable lens to the camera body. To attach the lens, you line up the lens mount index on the lens with the corresponding one on the lens mount and turn the lens clockwise until you hear a click.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9_-ileMDBWCgx1Ky1mEI4z5pLR-e0khpGxsvu7NAm-i_pOnOs_UQBFDtwWt-AACwa6oF7qXi1O0SIkwt0k-PpSW1DDx-RTiamGEV-cBuKtGB-W__m92dHEdY54tRi-1dPwLY9ujPMq21X1KE94K82RoKx07IlV4naDh5NNxRSeaSG5NCvizl3tHan/s260/lense%20mount.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="260" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9_-ileMDBWCgx1Ky1mEI4z5pLR-e0khpGxsvu7NAm-i_pOnOs_UQBFDtwWt-AACwa6oF7qXi1O0SIkwt0k-PpSW1DDx-RTiamGEV-cBuKtGB-W__m92dHEdY54tRi-1dPwLY9ujPMq21X1KE94K82RoKx07IlV4naDh5NNxRSeaSG5NCvizl3tHan/w293-h243/lense%20mount.jpg" width="293" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Lens Mount Index</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;">Align the mark on the lens with this mark when you are attaching or detaching a lens.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">Red index</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.08px; text-align: center;">: For EF lenses (Can be used on both Canon full-frame and APS-C DSLRs)</span><br /><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">White index</span>: For EF-S lenses (Can be used on Canon APS-C DSLRs)</p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsZD0-HrRDnWBnuIii0hmQz8lHCAqlX7R8q6NZswoXFYCxwqeDy27_DCVH425kA0XqBln4Jr71ipAaBQweVQihnBe-P-78WFfsDSl1oP4D6dlwlaJk1H2A4PLD-dPN9JggZ2ojklbZdXzRzJEXUXSj86UAZczyL05OyEMY--2aTRc-XiuQ9jKRwxIq/s260/Lens%20Mount%20Index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="260" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsZD0-HrRDnWBnuIii0hmQz8lHCAqlX7R8q6NZswoXFYCxwqeDy27_DCVH425kA0XqBln4Jr71ipAaBQweVQihnBe-P-78WFfsDSl1oP4D6dlwlaJk1H2A4PLD-dPN9JggZ2ojklbZdXzRzJEXUXSj86UAZczyL05OyEMY--2aTRc-XiuQ9jKRwxIq/s1600/Lens%20Mount%20Index.jpg" width="260" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><br /></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">Press this button when you want to detach the lens. The lens lock pin retracts when the button is pressed, enabling you to turn the lens freely. Before shooting, lock the lens into place by turning it until you hear a click.</span></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijvW0wsLBNBa4EjaPQBcfz5QaqFSEDwT5kqILjrftoEyJHczMYCVTS627Y20zknGjvctEKrKRQ1biul_KuuPrgy1P3suW3n7lWe-BiGoixe-7to35tJPKaX1XjdwDVmSxskT9__pizHRTePVwDzP95WWMVnxba7gKvsZCk3m5qUI3XHEHIAU_3Vq9u/s260/Lens%20Release%20Button.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="170" data-original-width="260" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijvW0wsLBNBa4EjaPQBcfz5QaqFSEDwT5kqILjrftoEyJHczMYCVTS627Y20zknGjvctEKrKRQ1biul_KuuPrgy1P3suW3n7lWe-BiGoixe-7to35tJPKaX1XjdwDVmSxskT9__pizHRTePVwDzP95WWMVnxba7gKvsZCk3m5qUI3XHEHIAU_3Vq9u/s1600/Lens%20Release%20Button.jpg" width="260" /></a></span></div><span face="Open Sans, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><br /><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">The mirror is unique to DSLR cameras. It reflects light from the lens into the viewfinder, which lets the photographer see the shot through the viewfinder in real time. The mirror flips up immediately right before shutter release <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAxW4JDZjZ-A3OAg3IIhOcZwUhR62CYTa1MJoWABRajKbdHfKbM-KYCR9FvS038bAJL_pZc3DesX8DDselIZeQt5gkPQKGRsTNrjIh_dXlaU-VioPzrOqYDyfATIT2hzNOWOnD9-SCpegfgCM6hY9_DmY4QNL2clx-yRl2E5aJc84Y3UF37L1qcdY/s260/Mirror.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="170" data-original-width="260" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAxW4JDZjZ-A3OAg3IIhOcZwUhR62CYTa1MJoWABRajKbdHfKbM-KYCR9FvS038bAJL_pZc3DesX8DDselIZeQt5gkPQKGRsTNrjIh_dXlaU-VioPzrOqYDyfATIT2hzNOWOnD9-SCpegfgCM6hY9_DmY4QNL2clx-yRl2E5aJc84Y3UF37L1qcdY/s1600/Mirror.jpg" width="260" /></a></div></span><p></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 24px; margin: 10px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 845.672px;">Viewfinder Display</h3><div><br /></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">Indicates the position of the focus during AF (autofocus) shooting. The selected AF point will be highlighted in red. You can choose to select an AF point automatically or manually.</span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">Indicates the time interval during which the shutter is open. The shutter speed value is denoted in the "1/parameter" format. However, only the parameter value is shown in the viewfinder. Increasing the parameter value shortens the time interval the shutter remains open. Shutter speeds slower than 1/4 second are indicated as, for example, 0''3, 0''4, 0''5, 0''6, 0''8, 1'', or 1''3. In this case, 1"3 means 1.3 seconds.</span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Aperture Value</span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1.08px;">This value indicates the extent to which the aperture blades inside the lens are open. A smaller value means the aperture is more widely open, which allows more light to be captured. The selectable aperture value range varies according</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"> to the lens in use.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></div><div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px;">ISO Speed</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative;"><img alt="ISO speed (viewfinder display)" src="https://d1hjkbq40fs2x4.cloudfront.net/2018-04-04/files/eos-1500d_1766-49.png" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative;">The ISO speed setting varies constantly when the Auto setting is selected. A higher ISO speed makes it easier to capture shots of a dimly-lit scene.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px;">ISO Speed Setting Button</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative;"><img alt="ISO speed setting button" src="https://d1hjkbq40fs2x4.cloudfront.net/2018-04-06/files/eos-1500d_1766-24b.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; float: none; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px auto 10px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="" /><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;">Press this button to adjust the sensitivity of the camera toward light. ISO speed is an international standard that is determined based on the sensitivity of negative films.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px;">Quick Control Button</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;"><img alt="Quick Control Button" src="https://d1hjkbq40fs2x4.cloudfront.net/2018-04-06/files/eos-1500d_1766-52.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; float: none; font-size: 16px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px auto 10px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="" /><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px !important; padding: inherit; position: relative; width: 408.828px;">Pressing this button displays the Quick Control screen (further explained in the section "Settings on the Quick Control Screen"), which allows you to confirm various camera settings at one glance and adjust them.</p></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.08px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 1.08px;"><br /></span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-10080747817397459682023-02-20T00:51:00.002-08:002023-02-20T00:51:12.663-08:00WRITING A NEWS STORY<p> News is an update on the happening around us. As the terms suggests News is any newpiece of information. It can be the details on a current event, on going projects or it can be on future
projects. </p><p>A newspaper publishes the back ground information, analyses and criticizes the details to
interpret it for the society. There is something called “news worthiness”. There are several factors
that decide the news worthiness of news. </p><p>They are </p><p>1. <span style="color: #990000;">RELEVANCE</span>
How important is the news for the audience is an important question. An event of Canada
might be irrelevant news for an Indian who would prefer a more local news. The news should be of
a current issue. </p><p>2. <span style="color: #cc0000;">TIMELINESS</span> : Recent event or upcoming events are likely to be news. </p><p>3. <span style="color: #cc0000;">IMPORTANCE, IMPACT OR CONSEQUENC</span>E. How important is the news to the reader.
Issues of social concern come under this category.</p><p> 4. <span style="color: #cc0000;">PROMINENCE</span> : The news of public figures are likely to be of interest than non-public figures. </p><p>5. <span style="color: #cc0000;">PREDICTABILITY</span> : Certain events like elections, major sporting events, award
announcements, legal decisions etc are predictable.</p><p> 6. <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">UNEXPECTEDNESS</span> </span>: Events like natural disasters, accidents or crimes are completely
unpredictable. </p><p>7. <span style="color: #cc0000;">CONTINUITY</span> : Some events like wars, elections, protests and strikes require continuing
coverage. These events are likely to remain news for along time. </p><p>8. <span style="color: red;">HUMAN INTEREST STORIE</span>S: Editors should know the response of the audience. The editor
should select high interest stories to balance out other hard hitting investigating stories. </p><p>9.`<span style="color: #cc0000;"> NEGATIVITY</span> : The news should make an impact on the reader. So there is a normal trend of
publishing negative news. </p><p>10. <span style="color: #cc0000;">THE UNUSUAL</span> : Strange and unusual stories are likely to receive reader’s interest.
Readers expect their newspapers to be accurate sources of information. A straight news
story is supposed to be objective and fair.
The news story has a structure. It has an inverted pyramid structure.
The news story has a particular writing style. The summary of the news is the introductory
paragraph. The details are given in the body of the news and the story is concluded with minor
details.
Every news story has a Headline. </p><p><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">HEADLINE</span>. There should be a simple and direct headline that can attract the reader. The head line
usually has a logical sentence structure, written in an active voice in the present tense of the verb. </p><p> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">The Lead </span>:
The lead or opening paragraph is the most important part of a news story. It is the first
paragraph of a news story. It gives the reader important details and the summary of the news.
There are several ways to write a lead. </p><p><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">1. The Five W s’ and “H” </span>:- the lead should explain the what, why, when, which, where and
how of things. </p><p><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">2. Specificity</span> : Try to give specific details about the news. </p><p><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">3. Brevity</span> : Readers should be told why a news is important and in few words as possible.
Avoid unintentional redundancy. Go right to the heart of the story. </p><p><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">4. Active Sentence</span>s : Use active sentences to make the lead lively.</p><p> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">5. Honesty</span> : The lead should be a honest portrayal of the story.</p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-43195023696840854372023-02-20T00:32:00.004-08:002023-02-20T00:34:17.137-08:00BOOK REVIEWS<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> Newspapers usually have a panel of specialists who write book reviews. The reviewer must
have in depth knowledge of the subject and should be able to assess the book in terms of its impact
on the reader</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The main task of the reviewer is to report of<span style="background-color: #ea9999;"> the content</span>, <span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">the approach and the scope
of the work</span> for the benefit of the readers. The book review should contain a brief description of the
book and a short account of the author. The book review should tell the reader whether a book is
worth reading and the review should be unbiased. An ideal review should give an overview of the
book to the readers and an evaluation based on the readers taste and experience. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">T<span style="color: red;">he opening paragraph of the Book</span> review should grab audience attention. The passage can
be <span style="color: red;">conversational</span> in tone. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">It can be slightly <span style="color: red;">provocative to compel the reader</span> to read.
The body of the review is a series of short paragraphs on the book and author. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The total review should be
500 to 1,000 words. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Full bibliographic details of the work should be included like </span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">(a) <span style="background-color: #ffd966;">Title and Sub Title. </span></span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">(b) Place of publication</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> (c) Publisher</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> (d) Date of publication</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> (e) Number of pages </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">(f) The ISBN Number</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/VI_Sem_english_writing_for_the_media.pdf">source</a> </span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-25659849692199328772023-02-19T23:30:00.009-08:002023-02-20T00:21:12.674-08:00ARTICLE WRITING <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><br /> Article analyses, interprets and provides arguments for and against an idea. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">The Article
provides back ground information, present an update condition and goes on to predict the future.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"> Articles usually provide some important information, interpret a trend, analyze the situation and
predict the future of a particular issue</span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">Accuracy and consistency are needed because credibility is
the prime quality of an Article. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">An Article </span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">Gives information </span></li><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">Interpret a recent trend</span></li><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">Analyze a current situation </span></li><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">Attempt to predict the future of a particular issue.</span></li></ol><p></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-family: courier; font-size: large;">STRUCTURE OF AN ARTICLE </span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">An article should have headline, </span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">introduction, </span></li><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">body and</span></li><li><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;">conclusion</span></li></ul></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">HEADLINE</span> : The headline should be attractive and should clearly state the topic of discussion. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #f1c232;">INTRODUCTION</span> : the Introduction is the Lead paragraph presenting the topic. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">BODY</span> : The Body of the article analyses and interprets the topic. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">CONCLUSION</span> : The conclusion of the article can be a summing up or a prediction of the future of
the topic</span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-12813511311894954142023-02-14T03:08:00.002-08:002023-02-14T03:08:58.635-08:00Point of view<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 16pt;">Point of view in fiction refers to the source and scope of the narrative voice. </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Point of view refers to: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">“where an author chooses to stand in relation to his characters and action” </span></li><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">or </span></li></ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">“The angle from which a writer allows readers to view his characters and action”.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;"> T</span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">he Writer and The Narrator</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">Narrators are not t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">he Writer</span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 21.3333px;">. You must be able to differentiate between the writer and the narrator. They are two different things. The writer is a real, living, breathing person who invents or constructs or creates the narrator. The narrator can be also called the persona.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">There are two main categories of points of view an author can adopt. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><u>First person and </u></span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><u>Third person. </u></span></li></ul></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">First person narration can consist of major and minor characters' viewpoint.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">It is important to remember that narrators are fictional constructs. That is, they are not real people.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><h2><span style="background-color: #ffa400; color: #2b00fe;">First Person Point of View</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><span style="background-color: white;">In the first person point of view, that is, </span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">the author gives the role of narrator to a character in the story</span><span style="background-color: white;">. This persona may be a non-participant in the main action, a minor character or a major character. Put simply, the story is told from the “I” perspective . </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400; color: #2b00fe;">Third person Objective</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 16pt;">The story is narrated as though the characters and action, as though it is viewed through a camera. The author shows what is seen and heard is revealed. This form of narration does not necessarily follow one character. The reader finds out only what the author chooses to reveal. As such, we can be manipulated to think certain things simply because we do not have access to all information. We are made to judge, as it were, on the basis of intentionally limited knowledge. This can be used by the author as a device for constructing elements of character, as well as for creating suspense.</span></div></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Omniscient Points of View</span></span><o:p style="background-color: white;"></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Omniscient Narrator: <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Here we have a god-like view of the world; the narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing. They have unlimited access to the thoughts and feelings of many characters. The writer’s choice of narrative point of view has a powerful impact on the way readers see the world of the story—this technique is very powerful in positioning the reader.<br /><br /></span></span><v:shape alt="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSTTYideyoUUJp0UD2rE9u_nwPs__peFHrK6av1SAZb5VxMUmfL" href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSTTYideyoUUJp0UD2rE9u_nwPs__peFHrK6av1SAZb5VxMUmfL" id="Picture_x0020_50" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 150.7pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: bottom; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: margin; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 201.6pt; z-index: 251698688;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"><w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"></w:wrap></v:fill></v:shape><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Determine which of the two basic methods of narration is being used.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First person narration<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">, where the narrator refers to self as</span> <i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">I</span></i> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">or</span> <i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">we.</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Third person narration, <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">where the narrator does</span> <i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">not</span></i> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">use I or we, but instead talks about</span> <i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">he, she, they, him, her,</span> </i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">or</span><i> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">them.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">2. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Once you have determined whether it is first person or third person narration [or sometimes a mixture of the two with the narration shifting from first to third and back again], ask yourself:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br /></span><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #ffa400; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Limited Omniscient Narrator:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br />The limited omniscient narrative point of view has a similar impact to that of the first person point of view because the reader tends to see the world of the novel from one angle of vision or one centre of consciousness. A useful term to use when discussing the effect of the first person narrative point of view or the limited omniscient narrative point of view is that the character whose thoughts we have access to acts as the focalize for the story.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Avenir, Helvetica !important; font-size: 30px !important; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 25px 0px 10px; text-align: center; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Why Point of View Is So Important</h2><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Merriweather, Merriweather, Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Why does point of view matter so much?</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Merriweather, Merriweather, Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Because point of view filters <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">everything</em> in your story. Everything in your story must come from a point of view.</p><h1><span lang="EN-US"><span color="windowtext">Which means if you get it wrong, your entire story is damaged.</span></span></h1><h1><span lang="EN-US"><span color="windowtext">Narrative Techniques</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The following are the major techniques which authors may use to engage readers.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Character; Irony/ conflict; Point of view; Setting;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><h2><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">1.Character</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Character may be revealed through</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">CHADSBOATS:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">CH = character</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">A =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">author; thee author may comment directly about this character; ("he was a mean and nasty piece of work..")</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">D =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">dialogue</span> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">or what the character s<i>ays</i>;</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">S =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">says; what the character thinks of the world and other people is revealed in his or her dialogue;</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">B =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">background; the character's context can tell us something about them, such as class attitudes;</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">O =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">others; what other characters say or think about them;</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">A =</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">appearance; what some tells us what they are like as people;</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">T=</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">thinks; what are the his or her thoughts, feelings, doubts, fears, hopes.</span><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">S= Setting; where we learn about a character from the setting in which they are found. More often EMOTIONAL LANDSCAPE of a character is created via setting, where a stormy turbulent landscape may mirror that aspect of a characters mental landscape and how he / she may be feeling.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><h2><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span>2. The conflict</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">This is an essential element in every short story. The conflict tells of some type of struggle:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br /><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Conflict may be internal or external. The tension created by this conflict gives rise to drama and action in the story. By identifying commonly experienced conflicts in a novel, we can identify THEME; ie how character/ s attempt to deal with and resolve major conflict in their lives is what the author wants us to consider.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> i. Man (person or character) against man;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> ii. Man against society;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> iii. Man against his environment / nature;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> iv. Man against himself. (This may be physical or psychological, but whatever it is, the conflict propels the story on to its final solution.)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span></div><h2><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3.Setting</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The plot involves the ordering of the happenings; that is, selection and arrangements of incidents of the story into a recognizable sequence.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The setting involves the place and time of the incidents in the story. The location, the social environment, and period of history form an essential, element in the short story. Within this setting characters may move, initiating some action within the text. In addition the setting will construct some feeling in the reader in relation to place, character, time and action.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">WHERE : place specific (classroom); place general (Ireland)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">WHEN: time specific (midnight); time general or era (nineteenth century)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">WHO ; the characters who may be introduced;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">WHAT : some action may be established providing direction for th text to move in;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ATMOSPHERE : this is the mood or feeling created in the reader in relation to some aspect of setting.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">EMOTIONAL LANDSCAPE : Often the setting of a story acts as an emotional landscape. What this means is that the setting may mirror (or may directly contrast, to highlight) the main character's emotional state. As such the setting embodies feelings we the reader may attach to the character.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Thus, the setting can play an active part in the short story.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">It can time, place, character and action;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">it can mirror, establish or influence a character's emotions, ideas or actions;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">it can create a sense of mood and feeling (atmosphere). This atmosphere often plays a significant role in developing character, action and theme.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><h2><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none; text-underline: none;">Plot</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Plot are simple, linear, chronological sets of events. Indeed some stories are, however, there are many ways in which stories develop. How a story is developed and the order in which it proceeds, is its<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div><h2><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> NARRATIVE STRUCTURE.<o:p></o:p></span></h2><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Narrative structure is about two things:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">the content of a story and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">the form used to tell the story.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Two common ways to describe these two parts of narrative structure are story and plot.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Story</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> refers to the raw materials of dramatic action as they might be described in chronological order.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Plot </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">refers to how the story is told — the form of storytelling, or the structure, that the story follows. If we want to analyze narrative structure, we can use “who,” “what,” and “where” questions to look at the story or content of a movie. “How” and “when” questions are used to examine plot structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Conventionally, both story and plot are described in terms of how a character’s life is disrupted by an event or change in his/her situation; this causes a series of conflicts that the character(s) must face, including the major conflict that is eventually resolved at the end of the Film.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> “Conflict” in this model can take many forms, be it emotional, interpersonal, or even between the character and his/her physical environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span class="Heading2Char"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;">Conflict:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"><br />This is an essential element in every short story. The conflict tells of some type of struggle:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">i. Man (person or character) against man;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">ii. Man against society;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">iii. Man against his environment / nature;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-indent: -75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">iv. Man against himself. (This may be physical or psychological, but whatever it is, the conflict propels the story on to its final solution.)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Conflict may be internal or external. The tension created by this conflict gives rise to drama and action in the story. By identifying commonly experienced conflicts in a novel, we can identify THEME; ie how character/ s attempt to deal with and resolve major conflict in their lives is what the author wants us to consider.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro", serif; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Every story is told or narrated from at least one position or point of view. Some stories are told using several different points of view. (For example, a novel written in the third person may contain letters from character/s, providing us with a separate first person perspective.)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Where is the story set?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">What event starts the story?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Who are the main characters?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">What conflict(s) do they face?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">How and when are the main characters introduced?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">How is the story moved along so that the characters must face the central conflict?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">How and when does the problem resolve most of the major conflict set up at the outset?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><br /></div><h2><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://johnwatsonsite.com/MyClassNotes/Topics/Narrative/CmplxNarStrct.html"><strong><span color="windowtext" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; text-decoration-line: none; text-underline: none;">Complex Narrative Structure may contain the following</span></strong></a></span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">Complex narrative structure is used by authors to add interest by complicating the story.<br />There are several authorial methods of achieving this. It can occur when the author uses causally unrelated narratives teamwork together to build thematic unity. This usually involves two or three or more clearly defined narratives each with their own sets of characters. There is often little or no intermingling of characters or narrative events, simply two or three narratives existing alongside each other.<br />One of the problems this causes authors involves not letting the reader lose track of what's going on. Since there are so many stories happening at once, a lot more reader activity is required to keep track of the various narratives. Therefore time and place are usually<br />clearly defined: events often occur within a very specific time frame in a specific locale to keep the reader focused. In order to achieve a form of formal closure, there is usually an event at the end of the story that brings all characters to one location or at least affects<br />them all in some way.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"><br />Another way an author can use complex narrative structure is in inter layering many flashbacks, or introducing fantasy elements or stories within stories to make the story diverge from a central plot line while maintaining thematic unity.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;">- flashbacks<br />- dream sequences<br />- repetition<br />- different characters' point of view<br />- multiple plot lines converging at the end<br />- flash forwards<br />- different time frames<br />- pre-figuring of events that have not yet taken place<br />- circular plotting where we are led back to the beginning<br />- backwards storytelling, where the denouement is shown first and<br />explained through the plot.</span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita;"><h2 style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">Point of View and Reader Positioning:<o:p></o:p></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; vertical-align: baseline;"><v:shape alt="http://ingridsnotes.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/points_of_view_breakdown.gif" href="http://ingridsnotes.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/points_of_view_breakdown.gif" id="Picture_x0020_48" o:button="t" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQArl+AUIgEAAIsCAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbKRSy07DMBC8
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" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 147.85pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: top; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: margin; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 230.4pt; z-index: 251670528;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"><w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"></w:wrap></v:fill></v:shape><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Narrators play a key role in reader positioning. The narrator has the important job of telling the reader how to interpret the world of the story. The narrator acts as a filter or lens through which the reader can see the story. The reader is positioned in relation to the characters and the issues in the story by the way the narrator interprets the events. Different narrators will interpret events differently.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Garamond Pro",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aparajita; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div></span></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-89610841741881342812023-02-14T02:46:00.007-08:002023-02-14T02:46:48.058-08:00Hemingway <p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> Hemingway was a journalist and novelist. A storyteller. He’s one of the great writers of literature. In 1953, he won the Pulitzer Prize for “The Old Man and the Sea.” In 1954, he won the Nobel Prize for literature.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Hemingway's writing career began in the 1920s. He was a reporter for The Trapeze, his high-school newspaper, and he published a couple of stories in the Tabula, the school's literary magazine.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">After Ernest's high-school graduation, Dr. Hemingway realized that his son had no passion for further education, so he didn't encourage him to enroll in college. Instead, Dr. Hemingway find out if his son could sign on as a cub reporter. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Hemingway's distinctive style. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">Hemingway took great pains with his work; he revised tirelessly. "A writer's style," he said, "should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous, burnished and uniquely brilliant.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">1</span><span style="background-color: #bf9000;">. USE SHORT SENTENCES</span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Short sentences are easier to digest. They make it easier to follow each point of an argument or story. <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hemingway adored the short sentence. He scattered them throughout his books. Their punchiness and rhythm felt as if they were pulling and tugging the reader along. </em></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">As a writer — or editor — is to make life easy for our audience. Forcing the reader to navigate through a bunch of long, complex sentences is not necessary.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">2. USE SHORT FIRST PARAGRAPHS</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span face="Butler, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #616167; font-size: 16px;">Hemingway said writers should use short first paragraphs. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Simple language makes our content more accessible. Writing with simplicity doesn’t mean dumbing down our words. Instead, we write clearly and precisely. So our content becomes easier to read and accessible to more people. Hemingway makes each sentence about one tiny idea. Then he lets the next sentence build on that idea. His story unfolds in tiny, logical steps.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">3. USE VIGOROUS ENGLISH</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span face="Butler, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #616167; font-size: 16px;">He means using hyper-focused language to sharply and passionately articulate ideas. So: writing with intention. Being purposeful and deliberate with each sentence. Making each word count. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">“It’s muscular, forceful (writing). Vigorous English comes from passion, focus and intention.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span face="Butler, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #616167; font-size: 16px;">This type of writing is thoroughly and fully understand what you're writing about. It's impossible to write with vigour and passion without having a real grasp of your subject.</span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121217; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="background-color: #f1c232; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">4</span><span style="background-color: #bf9000; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">. BE POSITIVE, NOT NEGATIVE</span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Basically, “be positive” means you should say what something <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">is</em> rather than what it <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">isn’t</em>.<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Instead of “I’m not lying to you” Hemingway would write, “I’m telling the truth.”</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">– Instead of saying something is “inexpensive,” say it is “affordable.”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Instead of describing something as “unclear,” say it is “confusing.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> Being “positive” makes your writing more direct. </span></p><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000; font-family: helvetica; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">5. Never use a harder word where a simpler word will d</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;">o</span><span style="background-color: #7f6000;">.</span></span></h1><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Writers who love exploring new words must be careful. It’s easy to get in the habit of using difficult language where simpler language will do. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.honeycopy.com/copywritingblog/powerful-words" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">I tend to obsess over big beautiful words</a> and at times am tempted to use them in my writing but I also must remind myself there is a balance to it all. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Copywriters, writers and marketers make their living first and foremost through <a href="https://www.honeycopy.com/copywritingblog/how-to-communicate-effectively" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">effective communication</a>. The reader must be able to fully comprehend what thought or idea the writer is writing about. This is best accomplished through simple language. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">With that said, there is always room to add in the occasional 360 between the legs slam dunk, just to keep the reader on her toes. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">One iconic element of Ernest Hemingway’s writing style was the simple words he used in his writing. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">He wrote <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">lived</em> instead of <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">existed</em>, <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">looked</em> versus <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">gazed</em>, <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">clear</em> rather than <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">translucent</em> and <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">white</em> in place of <em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">ivory</em>. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-top: 1.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Hemingway didn’t overcomplicate his craft. He pieced together his sentences from a toolbox overflowing with words everyone spoke and still speaks. <strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">The farmer or the rocket scientist could read Hemingway and that’s a feat that shouldn’t be taken lightly.</strong></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-90398836414877872722023-02-12T22:27:00.003-08:002023-02-13T23:31:11.044-08:00DEPTH OF FIELD- Focal Length<h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span><span><span><span style="font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;">the</span><span style="font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">depth of fie</span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span>ld</span></span><span style="font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;">.</span></span></span></h1><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">In short, </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">depth of field</span><span style="text-align: center;"> is simply the space in the image that is acceptably sharp and in focus.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">F</span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ocusing</span> consists of adjusting the lens to find the maximum sharpness, contrast, and resolution for a chosen subject.</p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There are <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">two ways to focus in digital photography</span>:</p><ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manual focus</span>: Using your hands to tweak the focus ring until you get to the best focus.</li></ul><ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Automatic focus</span>: Using the camera’s and lenses’ internal motors to focus on a given subject.</li></ul><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Using manual focus or autofocus <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">will depend on the type of photography</span> that you do. </p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For instance, in some genres like macro and night photography, it’s better to use manual focus. Yet, in other genres, like wildlife or sports, autofocus is faster and will make things easier.</p></div></span></span></span></h1><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZmZgBm9BhDnOzwxhz4eCab0-cCbzVUUTDlpBcy0xzwLSgEZreTGaGp7TMYlOsShn-yQD7C0NhpyYwy6ntc7Zv46iyWq4XfDY8DzCcSUi5518fDleEVQ8ZqIn3R-W34-7FuNYldadTwW398P3X8rzCQbykaC1jGfWpn-KKJF0dbbbAGQ9bM_s-UPm/s960/DoF-sketch-960x624.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="960" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZmZgBm9BhDnOzwxhz4eCab0-cCbzVUUTDlpBcy0xzwLSgEZreTGaGp7TMYlOsShn-yQD7C0NhpyYwy6ntc7Zv46iyWq4XfDY8DzCcSUi5518fDleEVQ8ZqIn3R-W34-7FuNYldadTwW398P3X8rzCQbykaC1jGfWpn-KKJF0dbbbAGQ9bM_s-UPm/s320/DoF-sketch-960x624.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;">In photography, we can say that there’s</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;"> <span style="font-family: georgia;">a</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;">shallow depth </span><span style="background-color: white;">of field</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia;">when just</span><span style="background-color: #e06666; font-family: georgia;"> a narrow portion of the frame</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia;"> is acceptably sharp, </span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">whereas </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">a</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">large depth of field</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia;">when</span><span style="background-color: #e06666; font-family: georgia; font-weight: normal;"> a big portion of the frame is </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia;">considered to be in focus.</span></div></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></span></span></h1><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="font-family: georgia; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></div></span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Depth of field is affected by many different factors:</div></span><span style="font-style: inherit; text-align: justify;"><ul><ul><ul><li><span style="font-style: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aperture</span><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: inherit;">: The wider the aperture, the shallower the depth of field</span></span></span></li><li style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Focal length</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;">: The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field</span></li><li style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Focusing distance</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;">: The closer the subject to the lens, the shallower the depth of field</span></li><li style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Sensor size</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;">: The smaller the camera sensor size, the shallower the depth of field .</span></li></ul></ul></ul></span></span></h1><h1 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Aperture</span></h1><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">Aperture<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"> is the opening in your lens that lets light pass through to the sensor. </span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 17px;">Large apertures, which correlate to small </span><span style="background-color: white;">f-stop</span><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: white;"> numbers, </span><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">produce a very shallow depth of field.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> On the other hand, small apertures, or </span><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">large f-stop numbers</span><span style="background-color: white;">, produce images with a large depth of field.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgBtcu1sIoqEv8GgzsLFSFMW_9czpcWZUjW78L1Jt7sIESP4Ig0z5AoRSuff5qaAhdtab70abMvDR6WfnYFVdnMKf5q0GVuEfkwwAPopvCUT0lnZS2QdV9gQNKm28biwy1kjTWR_DMC6Xkgd1SzzZ8YXBcOC_Ek2tutRGiBRYMBEPktm1mx3Suo0z/s960/Aperture-Terminology-960x388.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="960" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgBtcu1sIoqEv8GgzsLFSFMW_9czpcWZUjW78L1Jt7sIESP4Ig0z5AoRSuff5qaAhdtab70abMvDR6WfnYFVdnMKf5q0GVuEfkwwAPopvCUT0lnZS2QdV9gQNKm28biwy1kjTWR_DMC6Xkgd1SzzZ8YXBcOC_Ek2tutRGiBRYMBEPktm1mx3Suo0z/w640-h258/Aperture-Terminology-960x388.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;">Large apertures, which correlate to small </span><a href="https://photographylife.com/f-stop" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">f-stop</a></span><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"> numbers</span><span style="background-color: white;">, produce a very shallow depth of field. On the other hand, </span></span></li><li style="background-color: white;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;">small apertures, or large f-stop numbers, produce images with a large depth of field.</span></li></ul></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: large; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Focal length</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-size: large; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span></h1><h1 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Focal length</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"> is related to the </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">photography lens basics</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: large;">. </span></span></h1><h1 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">The</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> focal length</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> works by describing each lens in terms of millimeters from </span><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the optical center of the lens </span><span style="background-color: white;">to the sensor. </span></span></span></h1><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;">Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. </span></h1><div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-F52cOj60jRoBQzrhYu2QZlQ6FdgHy1aqm9alHsLtleAEaIhtqiPu4vZFFeUFtmYvdNHrlJsOx0Ude-9xy6yMmPR8bxOvVEcVCCnx82hhRnQ_MlPUrIPhTaCRq0kmqoxfUPxrIgpo3ixxYDfQv31Op_YruHNZPicaUfQe9bQol_SObZToWkSg2tKv/s300/25-2-1142x770.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-F52cOj60jRoBQzrhYu2QZlQ6FdgHy1aqm9alHsLtleAEaIhtqiPu4vZFFeUFtmYvdNHrlJsOx0Ude-9xy6yMmPR8bxOvVEcVCCnx82hhRnQ_MlPUrIPhTaCRq0kmqoxfUPxrIgpo3ixxYDfQv31Op_YruHNZPicaUfQe9bQol_SObZToWkSg2tKv/w640-h358/25-2-1142x770.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicPZmE4OH9_RBzM92qjatTFZm-jCb5-h9SKkGADOkSX81meICjgUT9LWzJj592GwisdLihsU9f-NGWRqd5o8yvf7aj1hiOX5EP6ZeiRqLMDpQeo6DeQDbX7TioZ51Zjg_U41zL7H8Wp2uVDtRAF3HvFcWfQhoJnKYdFokiD9YTmDXdUplqZQOv1_iA/s433/focal-length-graphic.webp" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="433" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicPZmE4OH9_RBzM92qjatTFZm-jCb5-h9SKkGADOkSX81meICjgUT9LWzJj592GwisdLihsU9f-NGWRqd5o8yvf7aj1hiOX5EP6ZeiRqLMDpQeo6DeQDbX7TioZ51Zjg_U41zL7H8Wp2uVDtRAF3HvFcWfQhoJnKYdFokiD9YTmDXdUplqZQOv1_iA/w640-h386/focal-length-graphic.webp" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></h1><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif">Depending on how short or long the focal length is, this will have a direct </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif">impact on the </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fie</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ld of </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> view</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif"> of your images and in other aspects like the </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">depth of fiel</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">d</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif">.</span></span></span></h4><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;">For example, </div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">shorter focal lengths</span> like wide-angle lenses will have a <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wide-angle of view</span>, whereas<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div></span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">longer focal lengths</span> like telephotos will have a <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">narrower angle of view</span>.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1a_nMGR2O3hs8_HXWqyXIUlGV-F91LKod7j5J9PPolAulHgBhWLGEOIONXjP2JEiRc-MB86sG5mZix2K_QYUFUA1jCuW_9BneUNczRf8yYPc8nTAmAGc705xNDS3gwkDNrm0ZeUhnorhPS8QnGAhZ583a0NFaTeWtUxDbXHUkL9X7DbAhBQrkvNlu/s720/field-of-view-and-focal-length.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="555" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1a_nMGR2O3hs8_HXWqyXIUlGV-F91LKod7j5J9PPolAulHgBhWLGEOIONXjP2JEiRc-MB86sG5mZix2K_QYUFUA1jCuW_9BneUNczRf8yYPc8nTAmAGc705xNDS3gwkDNrm0ZeUhnorhPS8QnGAhZ583a0NFaTeWtUxDbXHUkL9X7DbAhBQrkvNlu/w494-h640/field-of-view-and-focal-length.jpg" width="494" /></a></div><br /><br /></div></span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The focal length will also create different effects, </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span> </span>like <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">distortion in wide angles</span> of view, and </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span> </span>magnification in narrower angles</span> of view.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 1.3333; margin: 0px 0px 1.333em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">WHAT IS A LONG FOCAL LENGTH </h3><h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 1.3333; margin: 0px 0px 1.333em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">long focal length. </h3><h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 1.3333; margin: 0px 0px 1.333em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">An image taken with a 100mm telephoto lens will have a much smaller section of coverage than a normal or wide-angle </h3><div class="row article-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 40px; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px;"><div class="col-xs-12 full-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 780px;"><div class="rich-text-column in-context-glossary" itemprop="text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Lens focal length tells us the </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-weight: 700;">angle of view</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">—how much of the scene will be captured—and the </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; font-weight: 700;">magnification</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="row article-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 40px; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px;"><div class="col-xs-12 wrap-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 780px;"><div class="rich-text-wrap-column" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Zoom vs. Prime Lens</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">There are two types of lenses-prime and zoom. Prime lenses have a fixed focal length and zoom lenses have variable focal lengths.</span></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Zoom Lens Benefits</span></span></h3><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The advantage of a zoom lens is versatility(</span></span><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14px;">ability to adapt)</span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">. They are ideal when you are photographing a variety of subjects such as landscapes and portraits, and you just want one lens for both situations. Using a zoom lens also reduces the number of times you need to change the lens which saves time .</span></span></div><div class="rich-text-wrap-column" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></h3><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Prime Lens Benefits</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The main advantages of prime lenses or fixed focal length lenses are their size and weight as well as their maximum aperture or f/stop. Prime lenses tend to be more compact and lightweight than zoom lenses.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Prime lenses also tend to have a larger maximum aperture (f/1.4 to f/2.8). This is an advantage when shooting in low light conditions as it will increase the possibility of hand holding the camera and freezing the subject without shake or blur caused by the longer exposures. Photographing using prime lenses with large apertures also means you can get a shallow depth of field which is useful for portraiture where you might want a softer or blurred background .</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="row article-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 40px; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px;"><div class="col-xs-12 full-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 780px;"><div class="rich-text-column in-context-glossary" itemprop="text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Lens Focal Length Comparison</span></span></h2><div><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CoEsqePADw&list=RDCMUCJFMWWscsO-msPiLj42eXiQ&start_radio=1&rv=4CoEsqePADw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CoEsqePADw&list=RDCMUCJFMWWscsO-msPiLj42eXiQ&start_radio=1&rv=4CoEsqePADw</a><br /></span></span></div><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Wide-angle Lens</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">FX format approx. 14 – 35mm / DX format approx. 10 – 24mm</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Wide angle lenses are popular lenses for landscape photography, interiors, large group photos and when working in confined situations.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Standard Lens</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">FX format approx. 50 – 60mm / DX format approx. 35mm</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Standard lenses are popular as they are closest to the angle of view we humans see. These lenses have minimal distortion, which can be flattering to the subject. They tend to use large apertures and allow a lot of light to enter the lens which makes them fast in low light conditions. Large apertures (f/1.8 – f/1.4) also produce a pleasing out-of-focus effect to the background which concentrates the attention of the viewer on the subject. Standard lenses are the popular choice for a wide range of photography including portraiture, nature and low light situations where the photographer can not use a flash or is looking to capture the scene with available light.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Standard Lens</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">FX format approx. 50 – 60mm / DX format approx. 35mm</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Standard lenses are popular as they are closest to the angle of view we humans see. These lenses have minimal distortion, which can be flattering to the subject. They tend to use large apertures and allow a lot of light to enter the lens which makes them fast in low light conditions. Large apertures (f/1.8 – f/1.4) also produce a pleasing out-of-focus effect to the background which concentrates the attention of the viewer on the subject. Standard lenses are the popular choice for a wide range of photography including portraiture, nature and low light situations where the photographer can not use a flash or is looking to capture the scene with available light.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Super Telephoto Lens</span></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">FX format approx. 300 – 600mm / DX format approx. 200 – 600mm</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">These lenses provide a good range for wildlife and sports photography where the photographer is limited as to how close they can get to the subject.</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row article-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 40px; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px;"><div class="col-xs-12 full-row" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 780px;"><div class="image-column lightbox-asset-container" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-content" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Photograph" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjveV7AOTlBVrFXgwuVJtHrkKIGWaFI2ivKj7X0ff5GOWKcRP1arqm0cgUIgojuy7a2tWdZp-SP8oboTEZ2t1NMuNijtQutSAA9qhNDjRqmPCSOND5n2DRwRaAt0gtKr90qUCZBC1yXkU7m5-HkDxNlqCQlvS8UD9_dfbGnTiuo3cJ6F1TKlY12RwWx/s433/focal-length-graphic.webp" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="433" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjveV7AOTlBVrFXgwuVJtHrkKIGWaFI2ivKj7X0ff5GOWKcRP1arqm0cgUIgojuy7a2tWdZp-SP8oboTEZ2t1NMuNijtQutSAA9qhNDjRqmPCSOND5n2DRwRaAt0gtKr90qUCZBC1yXkU7m5-HkDxNlqCQlvS8UD9_dfbGnTiuo3cJ6F1TKlY12RwWx/s320/focal-length-graphic.webp" width="320" /></span></a></div><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 2.2rem; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span class="ez-toc-section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit;"><br /></span></h3><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 2.2rem; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="camera-subject-distance" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit;">Camera-Subject Distance</span></h3><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Another important factor affecting depth of field is the distance between the camera and the subject. The shorter that distance, the smaller the depth of field. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 2.2rem; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="sensor-size" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit;">Sensor Size</span></h3><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sensor size also affects depth of field. <span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The size used as a reference in digital photography is the classic </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">35 mm sensor size</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">, also known as </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Full-Frame</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">. If the sensor is smaller than this size, it’s said to be “</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">cropped</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">”, and if it’s bigger, it’s considered “</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">medium format.</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">“</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">For example, a </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">basic rule in</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">night photography </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">is to </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">use a sensor with larger pixels</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">, since these are better at capturing light and will allow you to take a better-quality image with less digital noise.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The depth of field is the last effect of the camera sensors. Using the same field of view, the </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">depth of field will be narrower in cameras with larger sensors</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"> and larger in cameras with cropped sensors. An example is portrait photography, where photographers usually shoot with larger sensors to decrease the depth of field and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline-offset: -2px; outline: dotted thin; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">bokeh effect</a><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">.</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtEFWaZkuohMUlwCSaruWN4pneQxXqigzbuoZFUoNFMAXimijTGnrnAMQVkAUEYz-esen7sR_6KTVSNjFQ-lH5UC5m0Y0IV72HqDGH5k3IK645L6Fiizg6Uab1Z_1cUVkRD4Er7WbZZ-1lF4bMgqrcKLqMtwGWIMCsb3otDjXmbsvw86Ow1DfelAfx/s1415/Digital-Camera-Sensor-Size-Comparison-Chart.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1112" data-original-width="1415" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtEFWaZkuohMUlwCSaruWN4pneQxXqigzbuoZFUoNFMAXimijTGnrnAMQVkAUEYz-esen7sR_6KTVSNjFQ-lH5UC5m0Y0IV72HqDGH5k3IK645L6Fiizg6Uab1Z_1cUVkRD4Er7WbZZ-1lF4bMgqrcKLqMtwGWIMCsb3otDjXmbsvw86Ow1DfelAfx/w640-h502/Digital-Camera-Sensor-Size-Comparison-Chart.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">In a nutshell, cameras with smaller sensors have larger depths of field. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/what-is-focal-length/">source</a> </p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/blackhat/Desktop/Photography%20Basics%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Ultimate%20Beginner%E2%80%99s%20Photography%20Guide.html">source</a><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-92085548899602960382023-02-11T03:38:00.007-08:002023-02-12T22:24:20.854-08:00Photography- EXPOSURE TRIANGLE <p> </p><div class="WordSection1">
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="ez-toc-section">What Is
Photography?</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 15pt;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Photography
is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or
film, to create an image. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 15pt;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The
first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources say 1827) by
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); margin-left: 0.6in; margin-right: 0.6in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 10pt 0in;">
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin-bottom: .25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">These are the <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">main photography basics</span>:</span></b><b><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3h-u6jhkhdnw5WsF_4-Pn9qNL0vKrFS0ebmd47D7nCFbIRB5KrFusnC-T64bPjelHVeKEFg0OCORGsHkyK6bnNAZ9gC7Fw4KXEHKSKgstW2jqAWOYjp-HXOIomtYGH27_wO-5qaszx6LiRXwOF7Xq0gyQOy20E7NOnWrQcBXNNAkbyXSVi0WB0nB/s6000/DSC_1006-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6000" data-original-width="4000" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3h-u6jhkhdnw5WsF_4-Pn9qNL0vKrFS0ebmd47D7nCFbIRB5KrFusnC-T64bPjelHVeKEFg0OCORGsHkyK6bnNAZ9gC7Fw4KXEHKSKgstW2jqAWOYjp-HXOIomtYGH27_wO-5qaszx6LiRXwOF7Xq0gyQOy20E7NOnWrQcBXNNAkbyXSVi0WB0nB/w266-h454/DSC_1006-2.jpg" width="266" /></a></div><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><p></p>
</div>
<div class="WordSection2"><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #2b00fe;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #2b00fe;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#exposure"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Exposure</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #2b00fe;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#aperture"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Aperture</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #2b00fe;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#shutterspeed"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Shutter speed</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #2b00fe;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#iso"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">ISO</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#triangle"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Exposure triangl</span></span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">e</span></a></span></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#dof"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Depth of field</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#focallength"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Focal length</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#sensorsize"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Sensor size</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#focus"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Focus</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#sharpness"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Sharpness</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#settings"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Camera settings</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#modes"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Camera modes</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#metering"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Metering modes</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#areas"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Focus modes & areas</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#wb"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">White balance</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#histogram"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Histogram</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">17.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#composition"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Composition</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#gear"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Photography gear</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 48pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">19.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/photography-basics/#editing"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">Editing</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); margin-left: 0.6in; margin-right: 0.6in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 10pt 0in;">
<h1 style="margin: 0.25in 0in; text-align: left;"><strong><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">EXPOSURE</span>-</span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;">THE MAIN ELEMENT OF
PHOTOGRAPHY</strong></h1></div>
<h2><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><strong style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Exposure</span></strong><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"> is
the<strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"> most important photography
basic</span></strong> and the photography concept, </span>exposure is depend on the amount of light collected by our camera. </h2><h2>“Photography is painting with light”,
Photography is about capturing light. </h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-r9EmSPnfGURMZeVVBsooHgLwzYL8T1d8zAomJjpzx88cQLrzxkN1Z0SbL-ii8P9wQJkzOMmAORKXjIqjmrWNxkbUlPuI1rYDUElRuzjAn0U4izppvgBPJGYGm1k0l7I3T1mv5ydDWOkdmLnq7zW051cXXNlLYLLgNpUwbneNHA5S2igOwZX5tCEx/s1000/R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="973" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-r9EmSPnfGURMZeVVBsooHgLwzYL8T1d8zAomJjpzx88cQLrzxkN1Z0SbL-ii8P9wQJkzOMmAORKXjIqjmrWNxkbUlPuI1rYDUElRuzjAn0U4izppvgBPJGYGm1k0l7I3T1mv5ydDWOkdmLnq7zW051cXXNlLYLLgNpUwbneNHA5S2igOwZX5tCEx/s320/R.jpg" width="311" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">photography exposure basics</span></strong> are
the <a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/what-is-aperture-in-photography/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">aperture</span></strong></a>, <a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/what-is-shutter-speed-in-photography/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">shutter speed</span></strong></a>,
and <a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/what-is-iso-in-photography/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in; text-decoration-line: none;">ISO</span></strong></a>.
The image should be <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">correctly exposed</span></strong>,
that is, with the perfect amount of brightness where you can see all the detail
in the highlights and the shadows. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghZBdu8telZjGlkg9wpnU3XI9f3vTtmJ4u4YXGfjGWKI3iH7qCxizDB-3a7RgIhEgzAL2vqTPJuBpRFkzAvDfKz1yRCs9XfZZxAAzE7fCmEEqgmITAi8n6EA7feuBPWDtiVMmJmLWMd7qmLhDF1waHYWMhos6JLX3naUXOfMy2DAiyIMq2DgmUA1Wl/s500/exposure-examples.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="274" data-original-width="500" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghZBdu8telZjGlkg9wpnU3XI9f3vTtmJ4u4YXGfjGWKI3iH7qCxizDB-3a7RgIhEgzAL2vqTPJuBpRFkzAvDfKz1yRCs9XfZZxAAzE7fCmEEqgmITAi8n6EA7feuBPWDtiVMmJmLWMd7qmLhDF1waHYWMhos6JLX3naUXOfMy2DAiyIMq2DgmUA1Wl/w640-h350/exposure-examples.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); margin-left: 0.6in; margin-right: 0.6in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 10pt 0in;">
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin-bottom: .25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><strong><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1.APERTURE-</span></span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;">A FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT IN
PHOTOGRAPHY</strong></p></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></h2>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">In
brief, the <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">aperture</span></strong> works
like our pupils; it’s the opening of the camera lens, which controls the amount
of light that goes through the lens to the camera sensor.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">wider the aperture</span></strong> the
brighter the image will be, and </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">the <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">narrower the aperture</span></strong> the
darker it will be. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">It
also plays a significant role in the <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">depth
of field</span></strong> and <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">sharpness</span></strong> of
the image.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUzd0BOs7G09yKLCa7gSfVY41GTF7XgDI5CE1mUYr0x47aOetXcsPeSAK1uB1CSa66R310edKz-rmoFG-ojz8x80YUhoU44uuxrERvzptbP79yIfne_AOFGbEcchnH3zlYTrD-_o_zp4e-bDvYJX2zk0TfElTzKk7sWIPXqB1hrz2BTeKJovsafHjR/s915/photography-shutter-speed-aperture-iso-cheat-sheet-chart-fotoblog-hamburg-daniel-peters-11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="915" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUzd0BOs7G09yKLCa7gSfVY41GTF7XgDI5CE1mUYr0x47aOetXcsPeSAK1uB1CSa66R310edKz-rmoFG-ojz8x80YUhoU44uuxrERvzptbP79yIfne_AOFGbEcchnH3zlYTrD-_o_zp4e-bDvYJX2zk0TfElTzKk7sWIPXqB1hrz2BTeKJovsafHjR/w640-h314/photography-shutter-speed-aperture-iso-cheat-sheet-chart-fotoblog-hamburg-daniel-peters-11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The
aperture of the lens is defined by a value known as <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">“F-stop”</span></strong>.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<div style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"> The larger the
F-stop number is, the smaller the aperture and </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">the smaller the F stop number is the larger aperture .
</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">The </span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://capturetheatlas.com/camera-settings/" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; padding: 0in;">best aperture
camera settings</span></a><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> will depend on
the light, the subject that you’re shooting, and the final look that you want
in your image.</span></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YojL7UQTVhc&list=PLBWs5dCYykYXo6VmL9EuetvoLSH8bEHlt">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YojL7UQTVhc&list=PLBWs5dCYykYXo6VmL9EuetvoLSH8bEHlt</a><br /></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<h2 align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">2. </span></strong><span class="IntenseQuoteChar">SHUTTER SPEED<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="IntenseQuoteChar"> </span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">A KEY ELEMENT FOR PHOTOGRAPHY</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h2>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The
shutter<strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"> speed</span></strong> is
related to how long the camera shutter is open and capturing light.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">This
has a significant <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">impact on the exposure</span></strong>;
</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffa400; font-size: 14pt;">a longer shutter speed</span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"> will capture a brighter image.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: 18.6667px;">a shorter shutter speed </span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18.6667px;">will translate into a darker image whereas</span></p>
</div>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">The <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">best shutter speed settings</span> will
depend on <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">the available
light</span> and <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">the
motion that</span> you want to capture in your subject.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><strong>3.ISO –</strong><o:p></o:p></h2><div><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 17px;">ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. </span></div><div><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 17px;">For that reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings.</span></div><div><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px; text-align: start;">when you double your ISO speed, you are doubling the brightness of the photo. So, a photo at ISO 400 will be twice brighter than ISO 200, which will be twice brighter than ISO 100.</span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="font-size: 17px; text-align: start;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 17px; text-align: start;"> </span></p>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">higher the ISO</span></strong></span><span style="background-color: white;">, the brighter the image will be, and</span></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; margin: 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;">the</span><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"><span style="background-color: #ffa400;"> lower the IS</span><span style="background-color: white;">O</span></span></strong><span style="background-color: white;">, the
darker the photograph will be.</span></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">The
ISO number is usually measured using “<strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">ISO levels</span></strong>”,
which follows this sequence:</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYrUXa7teCW4Ak_nmm1_YiH94d8roiufm0__sVlS66Kh3EDXCIlz4kn6bHpB8pa_1XfpvVdPhINcpio2SRc7E3LXhmJ-Kw_YP6NrwWjS1Pgk-qBMVJOrNjkIx4dlFeKS7v8xyETllGZ0ovgDoREkyCA6s709o9ZO8huGlpI-nT-bNH3Hl-XVcYdmE/s1600/img_5fd0cd241dec7.jpg" style="font-family: Candara, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-transform: uppercase;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1287" data-original-width="1600" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYrUXa7teCW4Ak_nmm1_YiH94d8roiufm0__sVlS66Kh3EDXCIlz4kn6bHpB8pa_1XfpvVdPhINcpio2SRc7E3LXhmJ-Kw_YP6NrwWjS1Pgk-qBMVJOrNjkIx4dlFeKS7v8xyETllGZ0ovgDoREkyCA6s709o9ZO8huGlpI-nT-bNH3Hl-XVcYdmE/w400-h321/img_5fd0cd241dec7.jpg" width="400" /></a></h2><h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMPc2g2Qb6I23YqveU7EaxOi34yARYbhNSbHDyJhJQmKaZJ8U17dgex4LkydDeh5VQGB48Htr-ByEOfjKpJTVK3B5zPhjdUwcqQfm3jzMSbN8B9PuM-UUtK7YS9u6er4opkf6Xf6-vTiPgp1k7CcIGqEuPGQlsrrmNA3FdWn2haaSna1cP_-MgwBFA/s1000/Comparison+.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMPc2g2Qb6I23YqveU7EaxOi34yARYbhNSbHDyJhJQmKaZJ8U17dgex4LkydDeh5VQGB48Htr-ByEOfjKpJTVK3B5zPhjdUwcqQfm3jzMSbN8B9PuM-UUtK7YS9u6er4opkf6Xf6-vTiPgp1k7CcIGqEuPGQlsrrmNA3FdWn2haaSna1cP_-MgwBFA/w400-h266/Comparison+.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /></span></strong><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Red Hat Display"; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ISO stands for International Organization of Standardization. </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Red Hat Display"; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-size: medium;"> The International Organization of Standardization was a governing body responsible for standardizing sensitivity ratings for camera sensors. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Red Hat Display"; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A high ISO number makes the roll of film more sensitive to light.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">When the photography world made the switch to digital cameras, it retained the ISO standard to describe </span><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-size: large;">a digital sensor’s light sensitivity.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></h2><h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"> The minimum setting on most digital cameras is ISO 100, which is the least sensitive<span style="font-size: large;"> to light. The maximum light sensitivity setting varies by camera model. </span></h2><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8cj9Lj9w-g">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8cj9Lj9w-g</a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(68, 114, 196); margin-left: 0.6in; margin-right: 0.6in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4472C4 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 10pt 0in;">
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin-bottom: .25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><strong><span color="windowtext" face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">EXPOSURE TRIANGLE –</span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">THE
PHOTOGRAPHY BASICS</span></strong></p></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></h2>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">The
photography basics of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO</span></strong><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">,
it’s time to put them all together!</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><u>According to this, <strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">all three elements must be in balance</span></strong> if
you want to capture a correctly exposed image.</u> </span><div><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span><div><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Source: </span></div></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-2933218216613162242023-02-10T01:56:00.002-08:002023-02-13T23:38:11.188-08:00camera movements<h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"> <span face=""Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">A camera movement refers to the way a camera shifts to visually narrate and shape a viewer’s perspective of a scene. In the world of film and video, there are several basic and advanced </span><a href="https://www.nfi.edu/camera-movement-terms/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">camera movements</a><span face=""Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> that can help enhance your story. </span></span></b></h1><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>What is a static shot?</b></span></p><p><b style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">A static shot</b></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A static shot allows actors to work the scene together and produce something authentic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">A </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: large; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">static shot </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">in film is also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot. The frame can be filled with the movement of vehicles, characters, props, weather, etc, but the frame itself does not move in a static shot.</span></p><p><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="thrv_wrapper thrv_text_element" data-tag="h2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A static shot will be quicker and easier to capture than a dynamic shot. In a tight schedule or working on a small budget, then use of static shots can save you both time and money. The static shot can be a versatile tool for capturing a wide range of moments.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hfKI4G3zai8" width="320" youtube-src-id="hfKI4G3zai8"></iframe></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Static shots are almost always far simpler visually speaking than dynamic shots. For this reason, many cinematographers and directors hold a great preference for dynamic shots over static shots. </span></span></p><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>A shot in which the camera moves, is known as a </span><b><span>dynamic shot.</span></b></span></span></h2></div><div><span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Establishing shots, closeups, POVs, etc, can all be shot either static or dynamic.</span></span></div><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: calc(2*var(--global--spacing-horizontal)); padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Cleanly conveys information</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Allows viewer to study the frame</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Movement <em style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">in</em> the frame, not movement <em style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">of</em> the frame</span></span></li></ul><div><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px !important; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">What is a camera pan?</span></h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">camera pan</span> is horizontal movement in which the camera moves right to left from a central axis. </span></span></p></div><div><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">The pan camera movement</span></span></h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">The camera pan directs a camera horizontally left or right. <span>A panning camera can be achieved with just about any camera rig. Whether it is handheld, using a dolly or crane, or even a drone. </span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>Pans are often motivated by a character’s actions. They can also be used to reveal new information to the audience. </span><span>The pan is one of the most basic camera movements, it can also be one of the most effective.</span><span> </span></span></span></p><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 60px 0px 10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">WHEN TO USE CAMERA PANNING:</span></span></h2><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: calc(2*var(--global--spacing-horizontal)); padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Establishes location of scene</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Tracks movement</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Elevates tension in a scene</span></span></li></ul><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0P5nPMXtz6w" width="320" youtube-src-id="0P5nPMXtz6w"></iframe></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>A pan allows the audience to see more of the scene. Camera panning establishes the location, and also </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">tracks the movement</span><span> of the characters or objects within that location.</span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Also panning from one character to another can create more tension than a quick cut would. This type of camera movement allows the audience to experience the moment in real-time. </span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A slow camera pan can also delay an action and build anticipation</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Whip pans</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>When done quickly with speed, the fast camera movement is known as a whip pan. </span>Whip pans<span> are one of the best camera movements to add energy to a shot. Whip pans can be used between two characters rather than cutting to establish a more energetic connection.</span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Whip pan shot, also known as a swish pan effect, is a cinematography term that describes a camera movement that literally whips the camera back and forth on its x-axis to </span><b>create a disorienting motion blur effect</b><span face="arial, sans-serif">.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span face="var(--heading--font-family)" style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); letter-spacing: 1px;">What does a whip pan (swish pan) do?</span></p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: calc(2*var(--global--spacing-horizontal)); padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Moves fast enough to blur imagery</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Can transition through time and space</span></span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Can simulate fast moving objects or people</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IW_cH-2DySw" width="320" youtube-src-id="IW_cH-2DySw"></iframe></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></li></ul><div><h1 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Tilt camera movements </span></span></h1><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>Tilt camera movements direct a camera upward or downward. </span><span>A </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">tilt shot </span><span>is shot that uses a cinematographic technique called </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">tilting</span><span> in which the camera stays fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane. Tilting is similar to the motion of an individual raising or lowering their heads. </span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span>Tilting is a little less common than panning but they are used fairly regularly for creative and practical purposes. </span><span>Camera tilts can be used to give </span><span>a character dominance in a shot or to reveal new information to the audience</span><span>. Tilts enable filmmakers to capture the verticality of a film in moments of awe and spectacle.</span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RA0SVlgzbZk" width="320" youtube-src-id="RA0SVlgzbZk"></iframe></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /><span><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span face="var(--heading--font-family)" style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold);">Tilt Movement Affects Psychology and Physical Space</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Tilting the camera down from the perspective of one character to another visually indicates superiority from the higher angle point of view. It’s a great tool to show power vs. vulnerability in the film. </span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span face="var(--heading--font-family)" style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;">at is a dolly shot?</span><span><span>A </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">dolly shot</span><span> </span></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight,bold); max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure);">dolly shot</span> is a specific kind of tracking shot where we follow a subject on an apparatus called a dolly. A dolly is a cart that the camera is mounted on, which rolls along dolly track or on its own wheels. Dolly shots are designed to be smooth and controlled camera movements. </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/14p8B0XpKFU" width="320" youtube-src-id="14p8B0XpKFU"></iframe></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><div class="thrv_wrapper thrv_text_element tve-froala fr-box fr-basic" data-tag="h2" id="camera-movements-dolly-push-in" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 60px 0px 10px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">DOLLY CAMERA MOVEMENT</span></span></h2><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px; text-transform: initial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Push In</span></span></h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">A push-in moves the camera closer to a subject typically with a dolly camera movement . </span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Push-ins can draw the audience's attention toward a specific detail. Filmmakers also push-in toward characters to try and infer what is occurring internally. </span></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: var(--heading--font-family); line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Pull Out</span></span></h3><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">The camera pull out is the exact opposite of the push in. A pull out is a smooth camera movement that moves the camera further away from a subject. This movement causes the subject to grow smaller while simultaneously revealing their surroundings.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Pull outs can be used to reveal setting and characters. </span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Emotionally, pull outs can highlight a character’s isolation or loneliness. </span></span></li></ul><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: var(--global--spacing-measure); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br /></p></div></div></div>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-27048593239216048692023-02-10T00:15:00.007-08:002023-02-13T00:13:49.561-08:00What is narrative structure?<p> <span face="Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 21pt;">What is narrative structure?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Story
structure, also known as narrative structure, is the order in which events are
organized into a beginning, middle, and ending in a novel. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
story’s structure directly affects the way <span>the
plot</span> unfolds and how its driving forces (characters,
obstacles, <span>setting</span>, etc.) are introduced to the reader.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Structure
helps writers draw connections between ‘things that happen’ and ‘things that
matter.’ <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span face="Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: 21pt;">Basic story structure</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
status quo.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The protagonist is living some kind of ‘normal life’ but
has a greater desire or goal. This is usually the first part of the story — but
not always.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An
inciting incident.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Sometimes called a catalyst, this is an event that </span><u><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sets
the story in motion</span></u><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, forcing the protagonist out of their comfort zone.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rising
action.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The protagonist </span><u><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pursues their goal</span></u><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and
is tested along the way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An
all-is-lost moment.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The protagonist believes they have failed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
resolution. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The protagonist a) gets what they want, b) doesn’t get what they
want, or c) doesn’t get what they want, but realizes that they have something
that’s more important.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 21pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 21pt;">Seven story structures every writer should
know</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
most essential components of story,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> let’s look at seven of the most popular story
structures used by writers — and how they deploy these components.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Freytag's
Pyramid</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
Hero's Journey</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Three
Act Structure</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dan
Harmon's Story Circle</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Fichtean
Curve</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Save
the Cat Beat Sheet</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Seven-Point
Story Structure</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">1. Freytag’s Pyramid</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Named after a 19th-century German novelist and
playwright, Freytag’s Pyramid is a five-point dramatic structure that’s based
on the classical Greek tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripedes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzUbVldy6s8U6VwlZYyuCzrEXwBT3eCftHPhlgNnmPUhm-MVjxYPWPs-k0qOIgdB6gAg3s7DF97-BjnKn_2LgONSdES0LBpiVdiupTYLdwqvr84keSFYS7tct4HjV7Ux5D2Zai0-2yn9HK7EYzM-B8-pjqX9vL5audLzXz7XgcRiZAz8-c26gnfDG/s1024/large_freytags-pyramid-post-02985b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="708" data-original-width="1024" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzUbVldy6s8U6VwlZYyuCzrEXwBT3eCftHPhlgNnmPUhm-MVjxYPWPs-k0qOIgdB6gAg3s7DF97-BjnKn_2LgONSdES0LBpiVdiupTYLdwqvr84keSFYS7tct4HjV7Ux5D2Zai0-2yn9HK7EYzM-B8-pjqX9vL5audLzXz7XgcRiZAz8-c26gnfDG/w640-h442/large_freytags-pyramid-post-02985b.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h4 id="structure" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;">Structure</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Introduction.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The status quo is
established; an inciting incident occurs.</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Rise,
or rising action. </span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">The protagonist actively pursues their goal. The stakes
heighten.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Climax.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A point of no return, from
which the protagonist can no longer go back to the status quo.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Return,
or fall.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> In
the aftermath of the climax, tension builds, and the story heads
inevitably towards...<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Catastrophe.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The protagonist is brought
to their lowest point. Their greatest fears have come true.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">This
structural model is less frequently used in modern storytelling, partly due to
readers’ limited appetite for tragic narratives. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">2. The Hero’s Journey</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Inspired by Joseph Campbell’s concept of the
monomyth — a storytelling pattern that recurs in mythology all over the world —
The Hero’s Journey is today’s best-known story structure. Some attribute its
popularity to George Lucas, whose <em>Star
Wars </em>was heavily influenced by Campbell’s <em>The Hero With a Thousand Faces</em>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<figure class="image aligncenter" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; font-family: Rubik, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; margin: 16px auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Story Structure | Luke Skywalker with literally a thousand faces"
style='width:468pt;height:193.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/VISCOM~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg"
o:title="Story Structure | Luke Skywalker with literally a thousand faces"/>
</v:shape><![endif]-->Luke
Skywalker, a hero with a thousand faces. (Image: Lucasfilm)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTWrF5QW9vTnB3IV2ZJJ1VCPhgHkBFWNnaUmLw8rcaYWQAXYdw4uVU5pm2_G4lLQGf0JIXoxWu6u21aKBLfB7GRYqD3ALQ9u-fhIQjqlvJh_Y-46evtrVJJJI-e4QvHTgGsb8hGMyarlrieVDfjIydOhMsE9eIeuYlAmff9vwiAWgtS3_WDvcaozxx/s1024/large_the-heros-journey-post-88b50c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="1024" height="538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTWrF5QW9vTnB3IV2ZJJ1VCPhgHkBFWNnaUmLw8rcaYWQAXYdw4uVU5pm2_G4lLQGf0JIXoxWu6u21aKBLfB7GRYqD3ALQ9u-fhIQjqlvJh_Y-46evtrVJJJI-e4QvHTgGsb8hGMyarlrieVDfjIydOhMsE9eIeuYlAmff9vwiAWgtS3_WDvcaozxx/w640-h538/large_the-heros-journey-post-88b50c.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
</figure>
<h4 style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;">Structure</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The Ordinary World.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero’s
everyday life is established.</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The Call of Adventure.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Otherwise known
as the inciting incident.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Refusal of the Call.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> For a moment, the
hero is reluctant to take on the challenge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Meeting the Mentor.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Our hero meets
someone who prepares them for what lies ahead — perhaps a parental figure, a
teacher, a wizard, or a wise hermit.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Crossing the First Threshold.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero steps
out of their comfort zone and enters a ‘new world.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tests, Allies, Enemies.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Our protagonist
faces new challenges — and maybe picks up some new friends. Think of Dorothy on
the Yellow Brick Road.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Approach to the Inmost Cave.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero gets
close to their goal. Luke Skywalker reaches the Death Star.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The Ordeal.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero meets
(and overcomes) their greatest challenge yet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Reward (Seizing the Sword).</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero obtains
something important they were after, and victory is in sight.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The Road Back.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero realizes
that achieving their goal is not the final hurdle. In fact, ‘seizing the sword’
may have made things worse for them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Resurrection.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The hero faces
their final challenge — a climactic test that hinges on everything they’ve
learned over their journey.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Return with the Elixir.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Having triumphed,
our protagonist returns to their old life. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">Three Act Structure</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Following the old adage that “every story has a
beginning, middle, and end,” this popular structure splits a story’s components
into three distinct acts: Setup, Confrontation, and Resolution. In many ways,
the three-act structure reworks The Hero’s Journey, with slightly less exciting
labels.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglnf4YaGXRklD4E9ZDZKzyQePipKOkh3QUgpH5OHBMcrk6Wb52dmB50HtmueSi768asKJd-nplxFrznbBNK2ayVmXUdDZOuLIjglAu9etWHSWbile9RiwcP85mSP86FIPjNj3_mdrwXGvE9KKA_dRAd-HOP9EZMgQ5ZRZUdUEPCvGnpG0d0FeJYM7D/s1024/610dbc066bb4e3da5e4249b6_Three_Act_-2-1024x784.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="1024" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglnf4YaGXRklD4E9ZDZKzyQePipKOkh3QUgpH5OHBMcrk6Wb52dmB50HtmueSi768asKJd-nplxFrznbBNK2ayVmXUdDZOuLIjglAu9etWHSWbile9RiwcP85mSP86FIPjNj3_mdrwXGvE9KKA_dRAd-HOP9EZMgQ5ZRZUdUEPCvGnpG0d0FeJYM7D/w640-h490/610dbc066bb4e3da5e4249b6_Three_Act_-2-1024x784.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;">Structure</span></b><p></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Act
1: Setup</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Exposition</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">. The status quo or ‘ordinary
world’ is established.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Inciting
Incident.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> An
event that sets the story in motion.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Plot
Point One.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The
protagonist decides to tackle the challenge head-on. She ‘crosses the
threshold,’ and the story is now truly moving.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Act
2: Confrontation</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Rising
Action.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The
story's true stakes become clear; our hero grows familiar with her ‘new
world’ and has her first encounters with some enemies and allies. (see
Tests, Allies, Enemies)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Midpoint.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> An event that upends the
protagonist’s mission. (Similar to the climax in Freytag’s pyramid)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Plot
Point Two.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> In
the wake of the disorienting midpoint, the protagonist is tested — and
fails. Her ability to succeed is now in doubt.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Act
3: Resolution</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pre
Climax.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The
night is darkest before dawn. The protagonist must pull herself together
and choose between decisive action and failure.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Climax.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> She faces off against her
antagonist one last time. Will she prevail?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Denouement.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> All loose ends are tied
up. The reader discovers the consequences of the climax. A new status quo
is established.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">When we
speak about a confrontation with an antagonist, this doesn’t always mean a
fight to the death. In some cases, the antagonist might be a love rival, a
business competitor, or merely an internal or environmental conflict that
our protagonist has been struggling with the entire story.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">If you’re
interested in using this model to plot your own story, read our guide to
the three-act structure, and be sure to sign up to our free course on the subject.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">Fichtean Curve</span></b></p>
<p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Fleshed out
in John Gardner’s </span><em style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">The Art of Fiction</em><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">,
the Fichtean Curve is a narrative structure that puts our main characters
through a series of many obstacles on their way to achieving their overarching
goals.</span></p><p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Resembling Freytag’s Pyramid, it encourages authors to write narratives </span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">packed with tension</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> and
mini-crises that keep readers eager to reach the climax.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoGLbvQjE3-_lUWj4NfO_ZsJ3hRw28D7oZLhJ1WG_Eo-uecGn6MXNDacO1DCXLXSH8iO3xgxzaG49gYQsCcGkdABN5SrpSd2kmKccKYnKHelJK8zBVhKPOc5PWuRSZdpfSlb86oRJlf8jQ-Y0ZO04awmowk9Eyd5YkNwoMAbcRrpqZWFl1uHwJ685S/s1024/large_fichtean-curve-structure-post-b947f5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="708" data-original-width="1024" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoGLbvQjE3-_lUWj4NfO_ZsJ3hRw28D7oZLhJ1WG_Eo-uecGn6MXNDacO1DCXLXSH8iO3xgxzaG49gYQsCcGkdABN5SrpSd2kmKccKYnKHelJK8zBVhKPOc5PWuRSZdpfSlb86oRJlf8jQ-Y0ZO04awmowk9Eyd5YkNwoMAbcRrpqZWFl1uHwJ685S/w640-h442/large_fichtean-curve-structure-post-b947f5.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bypassing
the “ordinary world” setup of many other structures, the Fichtean Curve starts
with the inciting incident and goes straight into the rising action. Multiple
crises occur, each of which contributes to the readers’ overall understanding
of the narrative — replacing the need for the initial exposition.</span></p>
<h4 id="structure" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;">Structure</span></b><span face=""Helvetica",sans-serif" style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">To discuss
this unusual structure, it’s perhaps best to see it in use. We’ll use Celeste
Ng’s <em>Everything I Never Told You</em> as
an example. Needless to say, spoilers ahead.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Rising
Action</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Inciting incident. </span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">The novel begins with the line:
“Lydia is dead. But they don’t know this yet.” Within the first three
paragraphs, Marilyn realizes that her daughter Lydia is missing. Thus,
readers are thrown straight into rising action as Marilyn anxiously
searches all the usual places Lydia might be found.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">First
crisis. </span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lydia’s family is informed her body was found in a nearby lake. From
this first crisis's climax, the narrative flashes back to provide
exposition and details of the family’s history.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Second
crisis.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> In
flashbacks, we discover that, 11 years prior, Marilyn abandoned her family
to resume her undergraduate studies. In her absence, the family begins to
fall apart. Marilyn learns she is pregnant and is forced to return home.
Having lost her opportunity for further education, she places the pressure
of academic success on her children.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Third
crisis.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Back
in the present, Lydia’s father, James, is cheating on Marilyn. The police
decide to close the investigation, ruling Lydia’s death a suicide. This
results in a massive argument between her parents, and James leaves to
stay with the “other woman.”<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Fourth
crisis.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Flashback
to the day Lydia died. From her perspective, we see that she’s
misunderstood by her parents. She mourns her brother’s impending departure
for college, leaving her as the sole focus of her parents’ pressure.
Isolated, she tries to seduce a friend — who rejects her advances and
explains he’s in love with her brother.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Climax</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lydia
takes a boat into the lake in the middle of the night — determined to
overcome her fear of water and reclaim control of her life. Lydia jumps
off the boat, into the water, and out of this life. As in a classical
tragedy, this moment is both devastating and inevitable.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Falling
Action</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; padding-inline-start: 1.2em;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Some
level of resolution is achieved, and readers get to at least glimpse the
“new norm” for the characters. Lydia’s family lean on one another in their
grief. While they may never be able to make their amends with Lydia, they
can learn from her death. Not all of the loose ends are tied off, but
readers infer the family is on the long road to recovery.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: rgb(239, 250, 255); line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Note: In the rising action stage, all of the crises should build
tension towards — and correspond with — the story’s major climax. Like the
three-act narrative structure, the Fichtean Curve’s climax typically occurs
two-thirds through the book.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">While this
structure lends itself well to flashback-heavy novels such as <em>Everything I Never Told You, </em>it is
also incredibly common in theatre. In stage plays like <em>The Cherry Orchard</em> and <em>A Doll’s House</em>, the action takes place in
a fixed time and place, but backstory and character development are revealed
through moments of high drama that occur before the audience’s eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">For a deeper
look at this structure, head to our full post on the Fichtean Curve.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Seven-Point Story
Structure</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">A slightly less detailed adaptation
of The Hero’s Journey, the Seven-Point Story Structure focuses specifically on
the highs and lows of a </span><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">narrative arc</span><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">According to author Dan Wells, who
developed the <span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Seven-Point
Story Structure</span>, writers are encouraged to start at the end, with
the resolution, and work their way back to the starting point: the hook. With
the ending in mind, they can have their protagonist and plot begin in a state
that best contrasts the finale — since this structure is all about dramatic
changes from beginning to end.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpnLsNkcdCSIV_uyHPmu86__1SOwM2G1FAOzrxKCUkM9_CYZvgbPs8SqqUsODePtq1vLppdIfhsPtb-25-lfHzbddKDEbbOvnfIdeNSJcyZFpFRRgpVZ8_yuxAYyJSrkx-8axwn1SWLt-eLQbDiptwcr5PFaPZ_scsZ-SqYQ_xo_kSFl3hc11Pr0iV/s1024/large_seven-point-structure-post-77ed38.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="708" data-original-width="1024" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpnLsNkcdCSIV_uyHPmu86__1SOwM2G1FAOzrxKCUkM9_CYZvgbPs8SqqUsODePtq1vLppdIfhsPtb-25-lfHzbddKDEbbOvnfIdeNSJcyZFpFRRgpVZ8_yuxAYyJSrkx-8axwn1SWLt-eLQbDiptwcr5PFaPZ_scsZ-SqYQ_xo_kSFl3hc11Pr0iV/w640-h442/large_seven-point-structure-post-77ed38.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h4 id="structure" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 6pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 15pt;">Structure</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 15pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The Hook.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Draw readers in by explaining the protagonist’s current situation.
Their state of being at the beginning of the novel should be in direct contrast
to what it will be at the end of the novel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Plot Point 1.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Whether it’s a person, an idea, an inciting incident,
or something else — there should be a "Call to Adventure" of sorts
that sets the narrative and character development in motion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pinch Point 1. </span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">Things can’t be all sunshine and roses for your protagonist.
Something should go wrong here that applies pressure to the main character,
forcing them to step up and solve the problem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Midpoint.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A “Turning Point” wherein the main character changes from a passive
force to an active force in the story. Whatever the narrative’s main conflict
is, the protagonist decides to start meeting it head-on.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pinch Point 2.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The second pinch point involves another blow to the
protagonist — things go even more awry than they did during the first pinch
point. This might involve the passing of a mentor, the failure of a plan, the
reveal of a traitor, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Plot Point 2. </span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">After the calamity of Pinch Point 2, the protagonist learns
that they’ve actually had the key to solving the conflict the whole time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Lora; mso-fareast-font-family: Lora;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Resolution.</span></strong><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The story’s primary conflict is resolved — and the
character goes through the final bit of development necessary to transform them
from who they were at the start of the novel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">For a deeper look into Wells's
approach — including the key to using it — check out our full post on the
seven-point story structure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 24.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">
<hr align="center" size="1" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto !important; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;">We've said it before, and we'll say
it again: story structures aren't an <em>exact</em> science,
and you should feel welcome to stray from the path they present. They're simply
there to help you find your narrative's footing — a blueprint for the world
you're about to start building.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<footer style="overflow: hidden;">
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Lora; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p></footer>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-27387220450848889042023-01-04T23:44:00.009-08:002023-01-05T01:36:20.715-08:00Camera shots!<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; text-indent: 0.5in;">A camera
shot is the amount of space that is seen in one shot or frame. Camera shots are
used to demonstrate different aspects of a film's setting, characters and
themes. As a result, camera shots are very important in shaping meaning in a
film.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: white; color: #202020; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></span><p></p>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;">AN<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>EXTREME LONG SHOT<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">An<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>extreme long shot<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains a large amount of landscape.
It is often used at the beginning of a scene or a film to establish general<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>location(setting). This is also known
as an establishing shot.</span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fm.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeEBPzWd75lI&psig=AOvVaw1vX2XDbP251lJph6h3eU0J&ust=1672997369803000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi8n-KAj7D8AhV_KbcAHSr9AvQQr4kDegUIARDwAQ">source</a><br /></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">A</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">LONG
SHOT</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>long shot<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains landscape but gives the
viewer a more specific idea of setting. A long shot may show the viewers the building
where the action will take place.</span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"> A<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>FULL SHOT<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>full shot<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains a complete view of the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>characters. From this shot, viewers
can take in the costumes of characters and may also help to demonstrate the
relationships between characters. A full shot displays the character
from head to toe, without showing much of his surroundings. A full shot
distances the character from the viewer both physically and psychologically.
They carry less emotional weight, and therefore they are not the best choice
during emotive scenes.<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; outline: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">A MID SHOT <br />
</span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>mid shot<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains the characters or a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>character from the waist up. From this
shot, viewers can see the characters' faces more clearly as well as their
interaction with other characters. This is also known as a social shot.<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"> MEDIUM
SHOTS <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Medium shots are the
most common types of shots in the movies. The medium shot also encompasses two
other famous shot types: the two-shot, with two actors facing the same<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>screen direction, and the
over-the-shoulder, showing a conversation in which, the actors sit or stand
across from each other. To record medium shots, a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>normal lens<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>will suffice.<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; outline: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">A CLOSE-UP <br />
</span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>close-up<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains just<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>one character's face. This enables
viewers to understand the actor's emotions and also allows them to feel empathy
for the character.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>In close-up
shots, the subject dominates most of the frame, allowing very little
observation on the locale of the scene. Close-ups are much more dramatic than
long or medium shots. They are preferred when conveying someone’s emotion:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>this is also known as a personal shot.</span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span>AN<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>EXTREME
CLOSE-UP<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">An<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>extreme close-up<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>contains one<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>part of a character's face or other
object. This technique is quite common in horror films, particularly the
example above. This type of shot creates an intense mood and provides
interaction between the audience and the viewer.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; orphans: 2; outline: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-image: initial; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; outline: none;">INSERT
SHOTS<span class="apple-converted-space">.</span> <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="background: white; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Insert shots are tight
shots in which objects fill most of the frame. Even if inserts don’t reveal
anything new, they are still welcome during the editing phase, as they smooth
transitions between shots, often serving as a neutral shot that allows a breach
of the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>180-degree rule.</span><span face=""Lato",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-10609918038288228322023-01-04T23:27:00.004-08:002023-01-04T23:35:47.366-08:00COMPONENTS OF FILM- Camera Movements and its Importance!<p> </p><h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">COMPONENTS OF FILM<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Three basic
components of film: </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<div style="background: white; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 0in 0in 0in;">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; color: #202020; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> Image -- </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Camera Movement
--<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> Sound </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="background: white; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 0in 0in 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiapjoABoMTPHp-FkPkEsX0jGB6ipTqZ6TN-yZ6L7UgEM-4N5xEfLhjGOMA3Omm6A2ZGjPfRTCb9QQ4-N1krfxm6dX-de28P9pXhVQ4CRZWzeZN-8d522wB11E-Wki2WVlQAofq_SH30n2OcOBPT718tlfvXWBb9Jj359ks_Fy4EzpP10XGVivGRFIu/s1000/dgHPuSpFv8RvvFbQZW4zWCW3AAwTuW7yZog8g22F9bo.webp" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="625" data-original-width="1000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiapjoABoMTPHp-FkPkEsX0jGB6ipTqZ6TN-yZ6L7UgEM-4N5xEfLhjGOMA3Omm6A2ZGjPfRTCb9QQ4-N1krfxm6dX-de28P9pXhVQ4CRZWzeZN-8d522wB11E-Wki2WVlQAofq_SH30n2OcOBPT718tlfvXWBb9Jj359ks_Fy4EzpP10XGVivGRFIu/w640-h400/dgHPuSpFv8RvvFbQZW4zWCW3AAwTuW7yZog8g22F9bo.webp" width="640" /></a><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;"><br /><br /></span></p></div>
<h1>CAMERA MOVEMENT<o:p></o:p></h1>
<h1><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">PAN</span></strong><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A pan shot or panning shot is
when you turn the camera on a fixed head. It is a technique where you
follow a moving subject, and you can shoot this with a slower shutter speed to
create a feeling of speed or action.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">TILT</span></strong><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Tilt is Moving the cameras lens
up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant. A tilt shot is
shot that uses a cinematographic technique called tilting in which the camera
says fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane. Tilting is
similar to the motion of an individual raising or lowering their heads.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></p>
<h1><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">BOOM SHOT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">To
move the camera vertically upward or downward, filmmakers turn to the </span><a href="https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-boom-shot-definition-film/" target="_blank"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #5c5cff; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">boom shot</span></a><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">. Boom shots are achieved by
using boom crane camera movements, pedestal camera movement, and jibs.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">DOLLY</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The name comes from the old”
dolly tracks” that used to be laid down for the heavy camera to move along
- very much like railroad tracks. The phrase dolly-in means step towards the
subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards with the
camera, keeping the zoom the same.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></p>
<h1><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> ZOOM</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p style="margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A zoom
shot is when the focal length of a camera lens is adjusted to give the
illusion of moving closer or further away from the subject. Zoom shots are done
with a zoom lens, which have variable focal lengths. The most typical
camera zoom types are the "zoom in" and "zoom out," but it
can also be combined with a dolly shot to create a "dolly
zoom." <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p>
<h1>DOLLY ZOOM<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="sh-dropcaps-full-square-tale"><span style="background: #5C5CFF; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">T</span></span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">he
dolly zoom is one of the most discussed cinematic techniques. This shot is
commonly referred to as a <i>vertigo</i> <i>shot</i>, or <i>vertigo
effect</i> . A dolly zoom is an in-camera effect. A
dolly zoom is achieved by dollying the camera away from or toward a subject
while simultaneously zooming in the other direction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></p>
<h1><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">ROLL CAMERA MOVEMENT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> The
camera roll is a rotational camera movement that rotates the camera over its
side on its long axis. Rolls can be dizzying and unnatural. For this reason,
filmmakers use it to disorient the audience or create uneasiness. Its specific
effect makes it a very intentional camera movement that should only be used
when wanting to elicit a discomfort in the audience. Sometimes these
effects tie in to a film’s theme.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h1>TRACKING SHOT<o:p></o:p></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A tracking shot is any shot that physically moves
the camera through the scene for an extended amount of time. Tracking camera
movement often follows a traveling subject, though they can be used to simply
show off the scene<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">.</span></span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin: 0in;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin: 0in;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Trucking is a type of tracking
shot in which the entire camera moves left or right along a track.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1>ARC SHOT<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The
arc shot orbits the camera around a subject in an arc pattern. </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h1><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">RANDOM MOVEMENT </span><span style="color: #202020;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="article-bodylist-item" style="background: white; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sometimes, camera movements are not motivated by character
actions, but rather audience experience. Filmmakers often add random movement
to a shot via camera shake through a </span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #5c5cff; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">hand held shot</span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #232d39; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> to
heighten the intensity of a scene.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-bodylist-item" style="background: white; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></strong></p>
<h1><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">PEDESTAL SHOT</span></strong><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="article-bodylist-item" style="background: white; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">A pedestal shot is a vertical camera movement
in which the entire camera raises or lowers in relation to the subject. A pedestal
shot differs from a camera tilt because the entire camera moves up or down
rather than just pivoting from a fixed point.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="article-bodylist-item" style="background: white; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></p><p class="article-bodylist-item" style="background: white; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGsWiRkdwDi1tiMv4YGXhiVmr1J1vPoqeuuZMYBrFWlCDCfbA_P2cZiBA7f5_Du9JETToRYDTGREd3wncpggTe04yvoYaGu7hcMXWYkSmFqd80ErlC8bZXevUOq8UYkKItY46mAA7zpl__MXEp6-dEHIBLwYkTIv_u59k_qynVU-5pIpRx3F_EU-jZ/s320/camera-angles-shot-types-and-continuity-4-320.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGsWiRkdwDi1tiMv4YGXhiVmr1J1vPoqeuuZMYBrFWlCDCfbA_P2cZiBA7f5_Du9JETToRYDTGREd3wncpggTe04yvoYaGu7hcMXWYkSmFqd80ErlC8bZXevUOq8UYkKItY46mAA7zpl__MXEp6-dEHIBLwYkTIv_u59k_qynVU-5pIpRx3F_EU-jZ/s1600/camera-angles-shot-types-and-continuity-4-320.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><strong style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #202020; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></strong>PAN <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">PAN SHOTS ARE OFTEN USED TO:</span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">give
the viewer a panoramic view of a set or setting.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">This
can be used to establish a scene. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Panning
has a ability to be used for a wide range of situations and scenarios, it’s an
important move</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">It
can give a better idea of the scene’s setting </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Enable
to set a specific tone or explore unusual surroundings.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Panning
can be used to switch from one subject’s view to another’s.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Transition
between scenes: This is often used to indicate a jump through time and/or
space</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Pan
shots are sometimes used to change around a scene’s orientation.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Panning
is a great way to communicate movement or to give a static scene some energy</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 1in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">By using pan shots during a back-and-forth interaction to create
tension or, more commonly, humor.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: x-large; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">TYPES OF PAN SHOTS IN FILM</span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Depending on the scene and needs, we can choose between a few <b>different
types of pan shots</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">· </span><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/4874643415262278560/5657658124269679553"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Aerial pan shots</span></a></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">: Filmmakers often attach cameras to
drones and fly them over cityscapes, landscapes, or other large areas. While
attached to the drone, the operator can pan the camera left or right to capture
the shot.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">· <u>Whip pans</u></span></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">: Often referred to as a whip shot or a
swish pan, a whip pan is a pan so quickly that it results in blurred
imagery. As a result, it can leave the audience feeling temporarily
disoriented. To create a whip shot, you can use a handheld, gimbal, dolly, or a
tripod.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">CREATING A PAN SHOT <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">IN FILM</span></span></b></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The steps to start panning:</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">1. It
is possible to pan with a handheld camera, but using a tripod offers more
stability for the shot.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">2. The
frames in pan shots choose wisely.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">3. Swivel the
camera. Make sure that the tripod works without sticking or jerking and
that you maintain a consistent movement and speed throughout the pan.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">5. Before
begin filming, rehearse the movements a few times to make sure there is nothing
blocking or shaking the shot.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">6. Get several
takes. Make sure to get a few safeties takes before wrapping up when
before unexpected interruptions happen.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">TILT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Tilting
is a little less common than panning but they are used fairly regularly for
creative and practical purposes. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">In
an establishing shot — brings us to into a location </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> Downward
tilts observe action over a large are</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Upward
tilts can create psychological impression of inferiority or
weakness in a character</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">BOOM SHOT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">To move the camera vertically
upward or downward, filmmakers turn to the </span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-boom-shot-definition-film/" target="_blank"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #5c5cff; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">boom shot</span></a></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Boom shots are achieved by using boom crane camera movements,
pedestal camera movement, and jibs. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">These shots are known as establishing shots. They can be
small boom movements typically used for reveals and characters.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Filmmakers use large boom movements to show off the setting of a
scene. These shots are known as establishing shots.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">DOLLY</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The phrase dolly-in means step
towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards
with the camera, keeping the zoom the same. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">ZOOM</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">A zoom shot is when the focal length
of a camera lens is adjusted to give the illusion of moving closer or further
away from the subject. Zoom shots are done with a zoom lens, which have
variable focal lengths. The most typical camera zoom types are the "zoom
in" and "zoom out," but it can also be combined with a dolly
shot to create a "dolly zoom." </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">WHY USE A ZOOM SHOT?</span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">1. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">To draw attention to a specific detail in the
shot</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">2. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">to give a character power </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">3. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">To emphasize a comedic or dramatic moment</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">DOLLY ZOOM</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">A dolly zoom is an in-camera effect. A dolly zoom
is achieved by dollying the camera away from or toward a subject while
simultaneously zooming in the other direction.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">this shot creates a sense of unease in the viewer, simulates a
spatial(3 dimentional) warp, and </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">can either shrink or extend distances based on the choice of
direction.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The dolly zoom can draw the audience into the story. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">It is commonly used to capture the internal conflict of a
character, </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Used to capture the internal conflict of a character and the
character’s state of mind. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">the dolly zoom can also establish a relationship between two
characters.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1>PEDESTAL: <o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means
"move the camera up; "pedestal down means "move the camera
down." </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">ROLL CAMERA MOVEMENT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">filmmakers use it to disorient the audience or
create uneasiness. </span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Its specific effect makes it a very
intentional camera movement </span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>be used
when wanting to elicit a discomfort in the audience. </span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sometimes these effects tie in to a
film’s theme.</span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 30pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; padding: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">TRACKING
SHOT-</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> Truck camera movement <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 30pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 30pt; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">For <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>complex shot movements
that move the camera in all directions</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">ARC SHOT</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">The arc shot orbits the camera
around a subject in an arc pattern. Arc shots are typically used to add energy
to a shot in which characters have minimal actions. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">RANDOM MOVEMENT Random Movement</span></b><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">camera movements are not motivated by audience experience. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">movement to a shot via camera shake through a </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #5c5cff; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">handheld
shot</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #232d39; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> to heighten the intensity of a scene.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-59846507529009425912022-11-08T09:02:00.002-08:002022-11-08T09:35:48.843-08:00The Internet?<p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15pt;">What is the Internet?</span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv5cBirHb2TustVQayp6kSI_eYeANdpzZasW-3ha0TnAx8JsoNwgTn3XxbvBHQBRhXxMuwv_hcVWGT4091G4fr8zRPhgS5lDzhVfGDuBKYfap06KjHrVW6e7oqaiZXK_zSse6CDPUy8rc-0aUsMld6Gp-gJWhgLtisOHt-mmwIuYD-QcWWQJAGNLe1/s850/History-of-the-Internet-Blog.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="850" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv5cBirHb2TustVQayp6kSI_eYeANdpzZasW-3ha0TnAx8JsoNwgTn3XxbvBHQBRhXxMuwv_hcVWGT4091G4fr8zRPhgS5lDzhVfGDuBKYfap06KjHrVW6e7oqaiZXK_zSse6CDPUy8rc-0aUsMld6Gp-gJWhgLtisOHt-mmwIuYD-QcWWQJAGNLe1/s320/History-of-the-Internet-Blog.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The
Internet was first invented for only military and government uses. But now, it
is found in every house across the world. The Internet is a short form for an
interconnected network. It has become a vital part of our lives, helping us
connect with people worldwide. The Internet is made of a large number of
independently operated networks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">A
server is a particular computer that is connected directly to the Internet..
Every server has a unique protocol address or an IP address. IP addresses are
essential for computers to find each other.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">A short
note of the history of the Internet will help you understand when, where, and
how the Internet was developed.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;">History
of the Internet</span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The Internet was developed by </span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 22pt;">Bob
Kahn and Vint Cerf in the 1970s</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8O3Y1ah5AQYISqxRaNCQwTgpfzwueMI6JgI7ZSgWCpif5d1UiUE54EfehO74Vwrat9loxW1W0eUIsEHDWWMyXeGLSgw4_68m9Hn4wCdxp5HOULXFf9voKcva3eg7Y98H8jseiokBOcKeUbxcpQf90uD9UVoScQA2PlyyJXey_szAKtg_YxhjS_5a/s811/db8abed49276b2b9bb86e91abffe183f.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="811" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8O3Y1ah5AQYISqxRaNCQwTgpfzwueMI6JgI7ZSgWCpif5d1UiUE54EfehO74Vwrat9loxW1W0eUIsEHDWWMyXeGLSgw4_68m9Hn4wCdxp5HOULXFf9voKcva3eg7Y98H8jseiokBOcKeUbxcpQf90uD9UVoScQA2PlyyJXey_szAKtg_YxhjS_5a/s320/db8abed49276b2b9bb86e91abffe183f.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the result of another research
experiment which was called ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network.</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">This
was initially supposed to be a communications system for the Defense Team of
the United States of America - a network that would also survive a nuclear
attack.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It eventually became a successful nationwide
experimental packet network<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which is
called WWW.</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13pt;">It is
believed that on </span><b><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">6 August 1991</span></b><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13pt;">, when </span><b><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">the World Wide Web
opened</span></b><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13pt;">to the public.</span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">How
Does the Internet Work?<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span>Computers
that we use every day are called clients because they are indirectly connected
to the Internet through an internet service provider.</h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">When
you open a webpage on your computer, you connect to the webpage, and then you
can access it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRAwpNJzQVm4x-z67EMN973o9ps76XgF-t5Ob3ZMUgf0lLiLOFDMsSxeGdvOpz2TW79zzSqfKU6KYObp4kTL1CxmoqKrUxDS8i83CKJAh8yUZBPxfltjW9V4fl0v_lIV1TR6gssqGuuIWBDPG8KhaZgetWS-vVaf8AVXSPaAu0hoS6No_3LSQYV6av/s1024/What+is+an+ISP+An+ISP+is+a+company+that+supplies+Internet+Connectivity+to+home+and+business+Customers..jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRAwpNJzQVm4x-z67EMN973o9ps76XgF-t5Ob3ZMUgf0lLiLOFDMsSxeGdvOpz2TW79zzSqfKU6KYObp4kTL1CxmoqKrUxDS8i83CKJAh8yUZBPxfltjW9V4fl0v_lIV1TR6gssqGuuIWBDPG8KhaZgetWS-vVaf8AVXSPaAu0hoS6No_3LSQYV6av/s320/What+is+an+ISP+An+ISP+is+a+company+that+supplies+Internet+Connectivity+to+home+and+business+Customers..jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span><p></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Computers break the information into smaller
pieces called packets, which are reassembled in their original order. If
we put the right address on a packet and send it to any computer which is
connected as part of the internet so that it would get to its destination. Without
confusion even with unique addresses transfer of messages by setup a router ,
it is called as Packet Routing Network, and hence is required to set up.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibs53_S7T-MXL6Z72qEPXUvaAg2EJxnWRzifx3LLeqiftIyEgppIBqxBYTyUU_PScJ56jQFNS-FaPKEzPO_azNZ8lE_Yc-tMLKh3v6M_XehkOZodQJ676k9upvdFC55gZeBBiQ7No3RtwKcgdNhZ9Z2J0d6qJ3mqL4U784nQC2wDisIokIcfHNO3H3/s720/image-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibs53_S7T-MXL6Z72qEPXUvaAg2EJxnWRzifx3LLeqiftIyEgppIBqxBYTyUU_PScJ56jQFNS-FaPKEzPO_azNZ8lE_Yc-tMLKh3v6M_XehkOZodQJ676k9upvdFC55gZeBBiQ7No3RtwKcgdNhZ9Z2J0d6qJ3mqL4U784nQC2wDisIokIcfHNO3H3/s320/image-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><p></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The
below are the steps for how the message are transferred. This might give a
basic idea of how the internet works. </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">First, Computer1 sends a message by IP address to Computer2</span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXY-Dy2cS-2TDf-2vtOspBdzxFoUL6tWunvcK_7ZNLpHIxLBk5aLYx8W_8QncPH7Nm2uL6klDSB0iFkWr45bAPWdaauWXn2NDyUrwFz-DOsFLKpXg1baXpZoHVN4j75Ece14eMB2t2jHcExl_5vi2BCImR0qsLzJnN39P9v_mFbFGstp3JNxC0yd9/s1200/image2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXY-Dy2cS-2TDf-2vtOspBdzxFoUL6tWunvcK_7ZNLpHIxLBk5aLYx8W_8QncPH7Nm2uL6klDSB0iFkWr45bAPWdaauWXn2NDyUrwFz-DOsFLKpXg1baXpZoHVN4j75Ece14eMB2t2jHcExl_5vi2BCImR0qsLzJnN39P9v_mFbFGstp3JNxC0yd9/w400-h209/image2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">The message sent by Computer1 is broken into small pieces-
packets.</span><p></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">These small pieces- packets are transferred concerning Transfer
Protocol so that the quality is maintained.</span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Finally, these small pieces- packets reach Computer2 and are
reassembled at their IP address.</span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL5qneyoa4jtFvw4Ng8f4TzXFYlpjOuVBZuH_bD0mgJNlXvV6tDsYmAMx5BN-um3xWgUMaF9Brb7lAUhet_FalFK0FRlnRNfsR1dukA6j2i6SQVCcgCVTUraLOfaKISoC1USRJ6qVmOIbhM6anLP6HQ5iEC_u18WeMaRi3dVjo63JWypDQNxtjK0lh/s1200/https___cdn.cnn.com_cnnnext_dam_assets_200312100138-tim-berners-lee-file-restricted.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1200" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL5qneyoa4jtFvw4Ng8f4TzXFYlpjOuVBZuH_bD0mgJNlXvV6tDsYmAMx5BN-um3xWgUMaF9Brb7lAUhet_FalFK0FRlnRNfsR1dukA6j2i6SQVCcgCVTUraLOfaKISoC1USRJ6qVmOIbhM6anLP6HQ5iEC_u18WeMaRi3dVjo63JWypDQNxtjK0lh/w331-h307/https___cdn.cnn.com_cnnnext_dam_assets_200312100138-tim-berners-lee-file-restricted.jpg" width="331" /></a></div><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Father
of the Internet: </span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">Tim
Berners-Lee</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">was the man, who led the development of the <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">World Wide Web,</span> the
defining of <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">HTTP</span>
(HyperText Transfer Protocol), <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">HTML</span> (hypertext markup language) used to create web pages, and
URLs (Universal Resource Locators). The development of WWW, HTTP, HTML and URLs
took place </span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;">between 1989 and 1991</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">Tim Berners-Lee was born in London and he
graduated in Physics from Oxford University in 1976. Currently, Tim Berners-Lee
is the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, the group that sets technical
standards for the web.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"> </span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTaxz0NSdG2sI_4Qt5GWHTIq-qaAfmedW0o6qwkWQgyKg5jSSuXH_ayl8dXEFDBR3jc3wdBdpLUeuo4AO7yQTZjz0Hr_-3ClmnUTQSWFFXUvPJ3GMwLzRAuDPySCBC4iANwPNoyMcreaOZalZOikoaZdMCDxuWAJUAKrx23cbf5wVOGzMr4XdGcqX7/s654/Vinton_Cerf-20070512.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="440" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTaxz0NSdG2sI_4Qt5GWHTIq-qaAfmedW0o6qwkWQgyKg5jSSuXH_ayl8dXEFDBR3jc3wdBdpLUeuo4AO7yQTZjz0Hr_-3ClmnUTQSWFFXUvPJ3GMwLzRAuDPySCBC4iANwPNoyMcreaOZalZOikoaZdMCDxuWAJUAKrx23cbf5wVOGzMr4XdGcqX7/s320/Vinton_Cerf-20070512.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: black; font-size: 16pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Vinton Cerf is also named as an
internet daddy other than Tim Berners-Lee</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">. After being out for 10
years from high school, he began co-designing and co-developing the protocols
and structure of what became the internet.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 20pt; text-align: justify;">History of HTML</span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">In
1945, </span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Vannevar Bush</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">first
introduced the basics of hypertext. In 1990, <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">Tim Berners-Lee</span> invented the World Wide Web, HTML
(hypertext markup language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and URLs
(Universal Resource Locators. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">Evolution
of the Internet</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">Although
the Internet was developed much earlier, it only became popular in households
in the 1990s. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">Today,
440 million computers can be connected directly, making life easier for people
across the globe. Sharing information and knowledge has become extremely easy
for those that have access to the Internet. The country with the highest number
of internet users is China, with 1.4 billion users, followed by India with 1.3
billion and the United States of America with a little over 0.3 billion users.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Two Main Types of Computer Networks</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">There
are different computer network types, depending on how large they are and how
much geographical area they cover. The most common types are </span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">Local
Area Network (LAN</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">) and </span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">Wireless Local Area Network (WAN</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">).</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;">Local
Area Network</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">This is
a group of devices such as computers, servers, switches, and printers that are
located in the same building. These are near each other. The most common use of
LAN is in houses or offices. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">A
common type of LAN is an Ethernet LAN, where two or more computers are
connected to the Internet through switches.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">Wireless
Local Area Network</span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">This is
a local area network that uses wireless communication instead of wired
communication. In WAN, two computers use wireless communication to form a local
area network. A wifi router is very common in this case. There are no cables
involved in this case.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5jH6iJtihtjczkKTGp0u8unj4uQUqJLUguWaDcFzmbXz2Lp5LSJjMvrb0PWNkCQjnspTv1AoMb98HU-9x_ARjzwWYWSslu2fQUo8qMngfkGn6aFCVTu93gBcQ5AoRSxRzSy-0men7iYvvwP7yeuciF05Evge2vTr0cPoOHvzsPM_il51O1RaQjXj/s960/internet-history.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5jH6iJtihtjczkKTGp0u8unj4uQUqJLUguWaDcFzmbXz2Lp5LSJjMvrb0PWNkCQjnspTv1AoMb98HU-9x_ARjzwWYWSslu2fQUo8qMngfkGn6aFCVTu93gBcQ5AoRSxRzSy-0men7iYvvwP7yeuciF05Evge2vTr0cPoOHvzsPM_il51O1RaQjXj/w400-h300/internet-history.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><h3 style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 22pt;">Advantages of Internet</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The internet has become a
popular name since the introduction of its easy installation and setup. The
following are the advantages of the internet.</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">It is a great medium of sharing </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul><li><span style="font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">It has increased connectivity.</span></li></ul><p></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">With the internet, banking has now become easier. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">E-commerce websites are one of the great advantages of the
internet. One can buy groceries, clothes, household items, and much more with
the internet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The Internet is also a great source of entertainment. One can
watch videos and movies, listen to music, and play games, without any hassle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have
brought the world closer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13pt;">The education system has also transformed. With the internet, any
student across the world can attend online classes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-55061187676001164982022-11-03T08:13:00.002-07:002022-11-03T08:13:39.360-07:00Lawrence Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development<p><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"> </span></p><h3 style="background: white; line-height: 28.08px; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #c55a11;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9UeEvHEylJiLnQGt62BNwmj0TkQKgnrD_uUOXgiUIU0bA83HDlxRgkSse7JpTY0ci-nWmNAKD0Fe8iaglxBuNS_8jj-5uZt_YlFNBodVuwrpDSTH4Zgo5Chqp3pEHbo_qfL7jn1kPaUjb27oIdG-AMlahUWIZxot4ys4V5ZS7inUCvkjngqcLSIah/s400/k4l1Po5X_400x400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9UeEvHEylJiLnQGt62BNwmj0TkQKgnrD_uUOXgiUIU0bA83HDlxRgkSse7JpTY0ci-nWmNAKD0Fe8iaglxBuNS_8jj-5uZt_YlFNBodVuwrpDSTH4Zgo5Chqp3pEHbo_qfL7jn1kPaUjb27oIdG-AMlahUWIZxot4ys4V5ZS7inUCvkjngqcLSIah/s320/k4l1Po5X_400x400.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><br />I<span style="background: white; color: #c55a11;">n
the early 1950s</span><span style="background: white; color: #373737;">, graduate student Lawrence Kohlberg became
inspired by the works of a clinical psychologist named Jean Piaget. </span><span style="color: #404040;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;">The
theory was developed </span><span style="color: #c55a11;">by Lawrence Kohlberg, </span><span style="color: #404040;">a psychologist who studied moral
development in children.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;">This
theory explains </span><span style="color: #c55a11;">the moral development </span><span style="color: #404040;">that explains how people come to
moral decisions. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #404040;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The theory
has three main principles:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: -.25in; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #404040;">Moral
reasoning is based on a person’s understanding of ethical principles.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: -.25in; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #404040;">People
progress through a series of developmental stages as they learn to reason about
ethical principles.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: -.25in; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #404040;">Moral
development is a lifelong process.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p>
</h3><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #c55a11;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">Lawrence Kohlberg’s Post-conventional Morality<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;">Lawrence
Kohlberg’s </span><span style="color: #c55a11;">post-conventional morality </span><span style="color: #404040;">is a theory of moral development that describes how people come
to understand ethical principles and make moral decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The theory is based on the idea that people
progress through six stages of moral development, <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">from a pre-conventional stage in which they obey rules
simply because they are told to, to a post-conventional stage in which they
understand ethical principles</span> and make moral decisions based on their
own understanding of right and wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #404040;">According
to Kohlberg, </span><span style="color: #c55a11;">the post-conventional stage
is </span><span style="color: #404040;">reached when
people develop a sense of conscience that is based on </span><span style="color: #c55a11;">abstract ethical principles</span><span style="color: #404040;">, rather than on obedience to authority.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #404040;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnUIdqsKqQnuvz0L66m02u4v__7wSm5ena5dwmbt901lkxPg8YafBdz7HgdTTjCpKzzmnCRe7hh0cn0GFgpwMCryS_g_9elIZwy3j6TbqVPKX1dvAcnadxuLO0zVqaXaP9Xqe4ZMipOGVP1q7gFiEf6sKCatoVf9AjlgusHc7k0F6pZ0QRYt10YXV/s2240/kohlberg-theory-stages-of-morality.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1260" data-original-width="2240" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnUIdqsKqQnuvz0L66m02u4v__7wSm5ena5dwmbt901lkxPg8YafBdz7HgdTTjCpKzzmnCRe7hh0cn0GFgpwMCryS_g_9elIZwy3j6TbqVPKX1dvAcnadxuLO0zVqaXaP9Xqe4ZMipOGVP1q7gFiEf6sKCatoVf9AjlgusHc7k0F6pZ0QRYt10YXV/w640-h360/kohlberg-theory-stages-of-morality.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></h2>
<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #404040;">Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development</span><span style="color: #c55a11;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">Kohlberg’s
theory of moral development is one of the most extensively researched and
widely accepted theories of moral development. The theory is based on the idea
that people progress through a series of six stages of moral development, each
of which is associated with a different level of reasoning. Kohlberg’s theory
has been used to explain the development of moral reasoning in children, adolescents,
and adults.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The six
stages of moral development are:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: -.25in; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Pre-Conventional Morality<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Conventional Morality<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Post-Conventional Morality<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Individualism<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Universalism<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #303030;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #c55a11;">Moral Principle<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="background: white; line-height: 28.08px; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The six stages of moral development are:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">1. Pre-Conventional Morality<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />2. Conventional Morality<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />3. Post-Conventional Morality<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />4. Individualistic Morality<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />5. Universalistic Morality<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></span></span></p></h3><p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p><p style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #c55a11; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large; text-indent: 0px;">Stage 1</span><span style="color: #c55a11; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large; text-indent: 0px;">: Pre-Conventional Morality</span></span></p><p></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The first
stage of moral development is Pre-Conventional Morality, which is characterized
by a focus on the self and on obeying rules in order to avoid punishment or
gain rewards. This stage is typically seen in children who are younger than 10
years old.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">In this stage, children learn to obey rules in order to avoid punishment or gain rewards. The morality is based on external factors, such as what is legal or illegal, or what will get them in trouble or make them happy.</span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large;">Stage 2: </span><span style="color: #c55a11; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large;">Conventional Morality</span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The second
stage of moral development is Conventional Morality, which is characterized by
a focus on the norms and expectations of the social group. This stage is
typically seen in children who are 10 to 13 years old.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large;">In this stage, children learn to conform to the expectations of others in order to be accepted and respected. The morality is based on societal norms and expectations.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large;">Stage 3: Post-</span><span style="color: #c55a11; font-family: "Josefin Sans"; font-size: x-large;">Conventional Morality</span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin-bottom: 1rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">The third
stage of moral development is Post-Conventional Morality, which is
characterized by a focus on individual principles and values. This stage is
typically seen in adolescents and adults.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><br /></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: Josefin Sans; font-size: large;">In this stage, children learn to think for themselves and make their own decisions, based on their own values and principles. The morality is based on individual principles and ethics.</span></span></p>
<h2 style="background: white;"><br /></h2>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-34841959673653221422022-11-03T02:56:00.003-07:002022-11-03T02:57:16.500-07:00Graphic Designers Qualities <p> <span style="background-color: #efecef; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px;">Graphic designers need key qualities that will distinguish a great graphic designer.</span></p><h2 style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; padding: 20px 0px;">Creativity</h2><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">A great graphic designer must be imaginative and they must be able to apply that imagination into their work. Creative people don’t just follow the crowd and the latest trends, they find inspiration in everyday objects and even themselves.</p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 30px;">Consistency</span></p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">In graphic design, the word consistency often crops up, whether you are working with clients on a website design, creating posters or even flyers, it’s essential to keep your designs consistent following a brand’s identity. </p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">Using a brand’s colour scheme, styles and fonts should be considered during all aspects of creation. A great designer will be able to incorporate a brand’s identity into all new inspiring design ideas.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnzoKmIUjhgfQx1vjcMqoorjz0hZnVNll5mq0bBb7C1hF77cu7Dt-KR_wqvJsL9UsYKcEnuWeefsEmIo2reeSyTFIeNQWxQfE3HMGJ2xdwt_dtM9tf_c_7qHlVkPnXYBRURom1x2fHGCkJQwA-dtMlAwen1ixa-M_1JkO9mzElwmO0OOBmpVa-aIbI/s1186/C0GYkAmVQAAfJc0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1186" data-original-width="946" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnzoKmIUjhgfQx1vjcMqoorjz0hZnVNll5mq0bBb7C1hF77cu7Dt-KR_wqvJsL9UsYKcEnuWeefsEmIo2reeSyTFIeNQWxQfE3HMGJ2xdwt_dtM9tf_c_7qHlVkPnXYBRURom1x2fHGCkJQwA-dtMlAwen1ixa-M_1JkO9mzElwmO0OOBmpVa-aIbI/w319-h400/C0GYkAmVQAAfJc0.jpg" width="319" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2H_xsT_4WKUGBeZxPa7U67jajP6MxBtnOPv20ZKmuTkBP_fVshdgUafmlMHQtdj6sIuY2o4MRmQlNxdAdnPWAaQhOQQ4H4G087XfOpuBvWJ285-47VO9A5aemBFbMFj1eYORNwmurB4WSXIrPTBue9r9BpkyjrrJk4eU7IjDfI0-ZLFevd55mNyQn/s281/download%20(7).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2H_xsT_4WKUGBeZxPa7U67jajP6MxBtnOPv20ZKmuTkBP_fVshdgUafmlMHQtdj6sIuY2o4MRmQlNxdAdnPWAaQhOQQ4H4G087XfOpuBvWJ285-47VO9A5aemBFbMFj1eYORNwmurB4WSXIrPTBue9r9BpkyjrrJk4eU7IjDfI0-ZLFevd55mNyQn/s16000/download%20(7).jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh39NmVu6fcwkVdNtOj44AURRxSr2362-Rp2C_-0o2LW3HvOZlql5wo7huLWKUKb9oF-5rzPLqK5crWEdwBuXDCFp7MD8AzMfdSSxMvuGRv8Jftdfz9OMEuUxlGZB2WrMMbR71Gf4ftXnCES4TKdM5FCnDynJGlwVwyiVYq8VsCD_koRPwPipM-6Iw/s2560/81vO71JlAEL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1954" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh39NmVu6fcwkVdNtOj44AURRxSr2362-Rp2C_-0o2LW3HvOZlql5wo7huLWKUKb9oF-5rzPLqK5crWEdwBuXDCFp7MD8AzMfdSSxMvuGRv8Jftdfz9OMEuUxlGZB2WrMMbR71Gf4ftXnCES4TKdM5FCnDynJGlwVwyiVYq8VsCD_koRPwPipM-6Iw/s320/81vO71JlAEL.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOJnanvSOJU7ScOdwLnqGx500M8gThzFkPsssg1MzydX0nexlgSBEcpBuMy6-uLbYJowHM3BE88nF0J6s6dKGM78r8NwFTP-_tWI_LPuOThPWAbipfNPoqUby_LrBXNZiH1biMaUBB-cOmI2unFAxYnOpllPSlv3xrPER-zlAGD2B0i7VoNwWCwBtj/s287/download%20(6).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="287" data-original-width="176" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOJnanvSOJU7ScOdwLnqGx500M8gThzFkPsssg1MzydX0nexlgSBEcpBuMy6-uLbYJowHM3BE88nF0J6s6dKGM78r8NwFTP-_tWI_LPuOThPWAbipfNPoqUby_LrBXNZiH1biMaUBB-cOmI2unFAxYnOpllPSlv3xrPER-zlAGD2B0i7VoNwWCwBtj/s1600/download%20(6).jpg" width="176" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 30px;">Problem solving</span></p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">To become a great graphic designer, he must know how to problem solve. A designer has to make things work, not only to create something brilliant but to know how their designs can work, whether that’s in a website’s development stage or knowing how to work with a client’s challenging expectations. </p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">A great graphic designer will not shy away from a challenge and will most likely discover new ideas and ask questions that most of us will overlook.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNZOw46H4muixArs6SYgjAsidPlLLf0tJXWPKuTkED32oGKPIYvrCsnS9UWFoHjQfURckNUAS7AlEDtBno4kIAm5zD2SXrxutdEfPls0rR1RrZ7x2JHCow4gBpyvQgKulj6moY5wwuvr9Ai260rgqtYxhmMbyQB_mMVAbSHxyImetWzEn6vNZdB6JM/s264/download%20(9).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="264" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNZOw46H4muixArs6SYgjAsidPlLLf0tJXWPKuTkED32oGKPIYvrCsnS9UWFoHjQfURckNUAS7AlEDtBno4kIAm5zD2SXrxutdEfPls0rR1RrZ7x2JHCow4gBpyvQgKulj6moY5wwuvr9Ai260rgqtYxhmMbyQB_mMVAbSHxyImetWzEn6vNZdB6JM/s1600/download%20(9).jpg" width="264" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QaMliwdwp5FADdt6JSuRq6X5ms2WPvZ8c1OwmM0oDVcMPWkQt4c3WGiYLEvcJZ51A3w0rtcwTSIVV_-3alptN-6wb6woKECivRMm7xoJ9-L6ifxwjlPrBllX-98KULHRKVUHdWTOLBp-lJM86IqQPPUcu_PxmWucJbr4HEvbg3STQeQRZRmDH1tC/s259/download%20(10).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QaMliwdwp5FADdt6JSuRq6X5ms2WPvZ8c1OwmM0oDVcMPWkQt4c3WGiYLEvcJZ51A3w0rtcwTSIVV_-3alptN-6wb6woKECivRMm7xoJ9-L6ifxwjlPrBllX-98KULHRKVUHdWTOLBp-lJM86IqQPPUcu_PxmWucJbr4HEvbg3STQeQRZRmDH1tC/s1600/download%20(10).jpg" width="259" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 30px;">Always learning</span></p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">Designing is a lifelong process. A great designer can often be described as humble and always embracing new ideas from others. As the graphic design industry evolves a great designer will be the one to keep up with latest trends.</p><h4 class="has-text-align-center has-text-color" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #43414e; font-family: "Qanelas Soft Bold" !important; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 20px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 193.6px; z-index: 1;">Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GVAxipJL6LpLkj1WYQ7TJIr9UuQ_ChOsqnzy6aPBRV354zLBD-pSZy1aIeQDG0Rp0WcX1DvrvF8GQlubRfVfDIUNojMWaVNDMjuf3GSFj5R1v61aDBzGgDDvUw3PMgnkGudymqmk7ZhrNpfulWQom233jqQIVXlhgi96T1VUZEoDs_NHo33JgGcN/s301/download%20(11).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="301" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GVAxipJL6LpLkj1WYQ7TJIr9UuQ_ChOsqnzy6aPBRV354zLBD-pSZy1aIeQDG0Rp0WcX1DvrvF8GQlubRfVfDIUNojMWaVNDMjuf3GSFj5R1v61aDBzGgDDvUw3PMgnkGudymqmk7ZhrNpfulWQom233jqQIVXlhgi96T1VUZEoDs_NHo33JgGcN/s1600/download%20(11).jpg" width="301" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUoPRUWQyiOdTQrBe3djfzf61g_cXijSpRdfmPqeTu9uWmyCX3KhfrBDr6U7TbOsCoPjLnIihXByywPUPVlbiRanHzCBYoZT2xsQXlJNAuWCvET3GHbVpSsasn3Jk5bs2my2J9AmyvkudjfFDni02IDyNnqB1SUXbD-9BU2iegIgx4Ac8q747es_Fa/s310/download%20(12).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="310" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUoPRUWQyiOdTQrBe3djfzf61g_cXijSpRdfmPqeTu9uWmyCX3KhfrBDr6U7TbOsCoPjLnIihXByywPUPVlbiRanHzCBYoZT2xsQXlJNAuWCvET3GHbVpSsasn3Jk5bs2my2J9AmyvkudjfFDni02IDyNnqB1SUXbD-9BU2iegIgx4Ac8q747es_Fa/s1600/download%20(12).jpg" width="310" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><h2 style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; padding: 20px 0px;">Able to take criticism</h2><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"> A great designer will take criticism positively, accept it is bound to happen then learn what works well and what doesn’t work. </p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">Not everyone will like everything you design, this isn’t because your design is bad, but because the client may have had a different vision in mind, criticism is something that shouldn’t be taken personally, it’s only another person’s opinion.</p><h2 style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; padding: 20px 0px;">Patience</h2><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">Designing great work can be time consuming, the best ideas often don’t come quickly and it can take numerous attempts for an idea to develop. A great designer has the patience to continue working on an idea that corresponds with the the clients needs. </p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;">If the client keeps changing their mind, or coming up with different ideas after you have spent a long time making those ideas come to life, a great designer will be patient and give the client what they want (within a set timescale) because you know the end result will be worth it.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmDcNuRFnyLdL6yD3brOkayn7CwilAPMQEcvWWiWg8wMsgitwQKhjCkrEbGxIfSFRJ0VPmrRdJ0lgvcEah2-Jj-Cek5kjQTbgYVRKTHPavPNNDPXt1F9Rq2UIzZilNl7SggIi2i0mTd09zOrF2TDPNTm9HTlUTQKfhMm2-g4fgfyiD_NQh_LwSk72/s311/download%20(13).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="162" data-original-width="311" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmDcNuRFnyLdL6yD3brOkayn7CwilAPMQEcvWWiWg8wMsgitwQKhjCkrEbGxIfSFRJ0VPmrRdJ0lgvcEah2-Jj-Cek5kjQTbgYVRKTHPavPNNDPXt1F9Rq2UIzZilNl7SggIi2i0mTd09zOrF2TDPNTm9HTlUTQKfhMm2-g4fgfyiD_NQh_LwSk72/s1600/download%20(13).jpg" width="311" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: #efecef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #151515; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-55591848868012074602022-11-02T09:08:00.007-07:002022-11-02T23:38:59.851-07:00Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development<p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjznvQagagt47g0W7LtvB7omKpllAb9zldhXYieVJdVdbIYy9V5ewa14UfC3LMiVIfqrO6wqY4_HWMRZ-zlGow3g-yTJELd_DEsPZPh484Zjc3zYyyX0cWn-x1HaWrC-79kwX6tTpXteYqP3YSgK1Sn4T-Bep7Y6dkCcavTlsjn3u0Pue3ItlCmVfWD/s700/HUMAN-AGEING-LONGEVITY-AND-LIFE-SPAN4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="700" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjznvQagagt47g0W7LtvB7omKpllAb9zldhXYieVJdVdbIYy9V5ewa14UfC3LMiVIfqrO6wqY4_HWMRZ-zlGow3g-yTJELd_DEsPZPh484Zjc3zYyyX0cWn-x1HaWrC-79kwX6tTpXteYqP3YSgK1Sn4T-Bep7Y6dkCcavTlsjn3u0Pue3ItlCmVfWD/s16000/HUMAN-AGEING-LONGEVITY-AND-LIFE-SPAN4.jpg" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Erikson explained eight stages of psychosocial
development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person
experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome
for personality development. That means psychological needs of the individual
conflicting with the needs of society .<span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p><p class="comp" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #212121; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="comp" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #212121; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="comp" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121;">Erikson's eight stages
are:</span><span face="Candara, sans-serif"></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 1</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 2</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 2 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 3</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Initiative versus guilt (3 to 5 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 4</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 5</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 6</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Intimacy versus isolation (19 to 40 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 7</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Generativity versus stagnation (41 to 64 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #212121; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Stage 8</span></strong><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #212121; line-height: 150%;">: Integrity versus despair (65 years to death)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="comp" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p><h2 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">1. Trust vs. Mistrust</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2><p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Trust vs.
mistrust is the first stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development. This stage begins at birth continues to approximately </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">18 months of age</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">. During this stage, the infant
is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their
primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333;">If the care the infant receives is consistent,
predictable and reliable, they will develop a sense of trust which will carry
with them to other relationships, and they will be able to feel secure even
when threatened.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333;">If the care has been inconsistent,
unpredictable and unreliable, then the infant may develop a sense of mistrust,
suspicion, and anxiety. In this situation the infant will not have confidence
in the world around them or in their abilities to influence events.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ6pzEZW7rMPJ5NsyEHqcM3112Tq54jkaATex8Vk7Kb8w-sLHY0eQ2VJoxzZDb3lDMYedS_zuin8tc9gfo9721AAAyaIXEGSUkpKC_X-q5GhoOKcm7z9xMbKPSM5ok89h7mO7Vo_uGpsNIL2TVF9M9bd3Xhy7YKiCP8UKFIUXO_PcReDHSkC_oL5R0/s400/aging-400x257.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ6pzEZW7rMPJ5NsyEHqcM3112Tq54jkaATex8Vk7Kb8w-sLHY0eQ2VJoxzZDb3lDMYedS_zuin8tc9gfo9721AAAyaIXEGSUkpKC_X-q5GhoOKcm7z9xMbKPSM5ok89h7mO7Vo_uGpsNIL2TVF9M9bd3Xhy7YKiCP8UKFIUXO_PcReDHSkC_oL5R0/s16000/aging-400x257.jpg" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333;">Autonomy versus shame and
doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
This stage occurs between</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: rgb(234, 209, 220); color: #333333;"> <b>the ages of 18 months to
approximately 3 years.</b> </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333;">According to Erikson, children at this stage
are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and
a sense of independence.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"></span></p><p>
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
</span></o:p></p><article style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section id="autonomy" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><main style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">If children in this stage are encouraged and
supported in their increased independence, they become more confident and
secure in their own ability to survive in the world.<o:p></o:p></span></main><p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">If children are criticized, overly controlled, or not
given the opportunity to assert themselves, they begin to feel inadequate in
their ability to survive, and may then become overly dependent upon others, lack
self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their abilities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">3. Initiative vs. Guilt</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;">(</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; line-height: 150%;">3 to 5 years)<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Initiative
versus guilt is the third stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development. During the initiative versus guilt stage, children assert
themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">During this period the primary feature involves the child
regularly interacting with other children at school. Central to this stage is
play, as it provides children with the opportunity to explore their
interpersonal skills through initiating activities. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">The children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in
their ability to lead others and make decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; line-height: 150%;">4. Industry vs. Inferiority(<span>6 to 11 years</span><span>)</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">Erikson's fourth psychosocial crisis, involving industry
(competence) vs. Inferiority occurs during childhood <span style="color: red;">between
the ages of five and twelve.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">Children are at the stage where they will be learning to
read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own. It is at this stage that
the child’s peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major
source of the child’s self-esteem. Some failure may be necessary so that the
child can develop some modesty. Again, a balance between competence and modesty
is necessary. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of <b>competence</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</span></o:p></section>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; line-height: 150%;">
<hr align="center" size="0" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; line-height: 150%;"><section id="identity" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)">5</span><span style="color: red;">.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (<span>12 to 18 years)</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></section></span></h2>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self
and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values,
beliefs, and goals. During adolescence, the transition from childhood to
adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin
to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing,
etc. The individual wants to belong to a society and fit in.This is a major
stage of development where the child has to learn the <a href="https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-roles.html" style="background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #337ab7;">roles</span></a> he will occupy as an adult.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Erikson claims that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable
about their body for a while until they can adapt and “grow into” the changes.
Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of <b>reliability. </b>Fidelity
involves being able to commit one's self to others on the basis of accepting
others, even when there may be ideological differences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="color: red;"> Intimacy vs. Isolation<span>(19 to 40 years)</span></span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">Intimacy versus isolation is the sixth stage of Erik
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage takes place during
young adulthood between the ages of approximately 18 to 40 yrs. During this
stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with
other people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;">During this stage, we
begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. Successful completion of
this stage can result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety,
and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and
relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.
Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of <b>love</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;">7. <span style="color: red;">Generativity vs.
Stagnation</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This stage takes
place during during middle adulthood (<span style="color: red;">ages 40 to 65
yrs).</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(255, 246, 191); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Psychologically,
generativity refers to "making your mark" on the world through
creating or nurturing things that will outlast an individual. During middle age
individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast
them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other
people.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 246, 191); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Candara",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .3pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 246, 191); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Candara",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .3pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">At this stage of life, individuals are pulled in all directions with
work, family obligations, and children. Depending on their individual
situation, they may be taking care of ailing or elderly parents, still raising
children, or facing an empty nest. These are moments of great change and
transformation. This stage of life can open doors to individuals’ sense of
belonging and contribution to the next generation.”</span><span style="background: white; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; line-height: 107%;">. </span></span></p>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;">
<hr align="center" size="0" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="line-height: 150%;"><section id="ego" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)">8.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair(</span><span style="color: red;">65 years to death)</span><span color="inherit" face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></section></span></h2>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">Ego integrity versus despair is the final stage of Erik
Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at
approximately age 65 and ends at death. Individuals who reflect on their life
and regret not achieving their goals will experience feelings of bitterness and
despair.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgQVRNueTwSBWT0TGe4WHwb3iFtB6jmwSbuE51i52s0oIAqNeU6Zvq2E_5Yuwz0R42jF2QTCJYhDTFTSmjnpgMFh2rIrijfv_P9k2gJau5D1vPTDiz8oCeM7md9PnqZsWfdlK7hUj6jnROiioXvtp8GASjnJbKPw42Bd86SzFhVnfbjtOjQmDqrlF/s759/old.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="759" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgQVRNueTwSBWT0TGe4WHwb3iFtB6jmwSbuE51i52s0oIAqNeU6Zvq2E_5Yuwz0R42jF2QTCJYhDTFTSmjnpgMFh2rIrijfv_P9k2gJau5D1vPTDiz8oCeM7md9PnqZsWfdlK7hUj6jnROiioXvtp8GASjnJbKPw42Bd86SzFhVnfbjtOjQmDqrlF/w640-h356/old.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></o:p><p></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">As
we grow older (65+ yrs) and become seniour citizens, we tend to slow down our
productivity and explore life as a retired person.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Wise people are not characterized by a continuous state
of ego integrity, but they experience both ego integrity and despair. Thus,
late life is characterized by both integrity and despair as alternating states
that need to be balanced.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p></article><form role="search" style="box-shadow: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><footer style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</footer></form><aside style="box-sizing: border-box;"></aside>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-58135885326220558142022-11-01T10:53:00.001-07:002022-11-02T01:47:49.253-07:00Improve your personality<p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">THE CONCEPT
OF PERSONALITY- </span></p><p><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Sh2o8B1SFdCzS0QaV54szmSSBRWohnSC-DJ6X3xOAqIRRCkymo3Yfa71fzd5RjTYdxMZepwVVezh-mGD9gZe_1GHVs2iItcNQvLIG1PDZiaQjSNDn4kefaYNiJrcQe6mDbeTamTooXPW5IAXl81a6cnp2Av6D1Dm0FgYXLk7Jmq_6sdDYZMxodM4/s302/download%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="302" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Sh2o8B1SFdCzS0QaV54szmSSBRWohnSC-DJ6X3xOAqIRRCkymo3Yfa71fzd5RjTYdxMZepwVVezh-mGD9gZe_1GHVs2iItcNQvLIG1PDZiaQjSNDn4kefaYNiJrcQe6mDbeTamTooXPW5IAXl81a6cnp2Av6D1Dm0FgYXLk7Jmq_6sdDYZMxodM4/s1600/download%20(2).jpg" width="302" /></a></span></div><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br />DEFINITION: <span style="background-color: #ea9999;">“Personality is <span style="color: #212121;">the unique </span> pattern of characteristic
thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that distinguishes one person from another
and that persists over time” </span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">According to Allport’s ‘personality is the
dynamic organization within the individual.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">It is a product of both biology and environment, it remains fairly consistent throughout life</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><u><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><b>Different </b><b>Dimensions</b><b> of Personality</b></span></u><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-b5vffvMszfw9h3A-_QkMBEdDw3c3QMA-A_XdLPb22afLc9MFlruGem5iQBbcETX2MZ0cX6MI5RG2g9eOvbqx0Tpiy7Hgcyvr38A5ZE90TyrV1fnhiFZImeDp3K7aOb1rpMFRo4q6NJr3suH6RzK3oc3uGiISojQr12qSJlJ2zkz7wQtz-Si_5-kU/s1125/personality-diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1125" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-b5vffvMszfw9h3A-_QkMBEdDw3c3QMA-A_XdLPb22afLc9MFlruGem5iQBbcETX2MZ0cX6MI5RG2g9eOvbqx0Tpiy7Hgcyvr38A5ZE90TyrV1fnhiFZImeDp3K7aOb1rpMFRo4q6NJr3suH6RzK3oc3uGiISojQr12qSJlJ2zkz7wQtz-Si_5-kU/s320/personality-diagram.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">The Big Five
personality traits, also known as the <b>five-factor model (FFM).</b> </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">These
five factors are assumed to represent the basic structure behind all
personality traits. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">They were defined and described by several different
researchers during multiple periods of research. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">The "big five" are broad categories of personality
traits. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">They
were defined and described by several different researchers during multiple
periods of research</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDuXYvYGPJHiORzhMKufWYG9ytDlM3qdg_NflgAjBg53YBnN3U9jfxwTWjl-c_b7ayD543FTwgfVLRd82Z_H4ts8djCXl-uzI3YjUAw_KVtr1rV37HupHftZpI_DkKycJ_Gtfg96kzkBzhfY1fQy1UxX0sQ7g6gPQRgWWd5Mmr7a3-EdRdUCfxxgMG/s225/download.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDuXYvYGPJHiORzhMKufWYG9ytDlM3qdg_NflgAjBg53YBnN3U9jfxwTWjl-c_b7ayD543FTwgfVLRd82Z_H4ts8djCXl-uzI3YjUAw_KVtr1rV37HupHftZpI_DkKycJ_Gtfg96kzkBzhfY1fQy1UxX0sQ7g6gPQRgWWd5Mmr7a3-EdRdUCfxxgMG/s1600/download.png" width="225" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">1</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;">. Extraversion</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">: This trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional
expressiveness.</span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Extraversion
is a measured by how energetic, sociable and friendly person. Extraverts are called
as a</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> ‘people’s
person’ because they can know </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">drawing energy from being around others directing their
energies towards people and the outside world.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Extroverts enjoy being around people
and larger social groups. They are a happy in workplace environment, they are
an efficient, team worker and even allowing space for others to cooperate.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Extroverts
also enjoy talking a lot; </span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 24pt; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. Agreeableness</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">: </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGo8WLCYQvEAPVGz7GCozNkYA08LSWz3cRxzUPYvJzdF1gUfBLAeTsEILgQAljcL5112XJ2Kb8UaNROoCqnFF04zMAbXVDyD6Iu-yxAZ734_4EdvqnTu6n8eWljNjnaHtjm2sGcNLJHgxcgfZIQnPP3SIbPX7ABsxdon9eCaRN2nWKnDYCHtcEBNlx/s278/download%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="278" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGo8WLCYQvEAPVGz7GCozNkYA08LSWz3cRxzUPYvJzdF1gUfBLAeTsEILgQAljcL5112XJ2Kb8UaNROoCqnFF04zMAbXVDyD6Iu-yxAZ734_4EdvqnTu6n8eWljNjnaHtjm2sGcNLJHgxcgfZIQnPP3SIbPX7ABsxdon9eCaRN2nWKnDYCHtcEBNlx/s1600/download%20(1).jpg" width="278" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Agreeableness is one of five dimensions of personality described as the </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><span style="color: #2c2d30;">Big Five</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">This personality dimension includes attributes
such as <b>trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other pro-social
behaviors.</b> </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Agreeableness is a </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/personality" hreflang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" title="Psychology Today looks at personality"><span style="color: #2c2d30;">personality</span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> trait that can be described as cooperative, polite, kind,
and friendly. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">People high in this prosocial trait are <b>particularly </b></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/empathy" hreflang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;" title="Psychology Today looks at empathetic"><span style="color: #2c2d30;"><b>empathetic</b></span></a></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><b>, showing great concern for the welfare of others, </b>they are the
first to help those in need. </span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_4TWE48BlC9VH4tBcHJGvd46z9mVSydNpiqQq2JVkMP4vAnvNhBsROXVFYNhyTtMwap_IdTHCMPE4PQ38si-JwAOB3xVePTnaoiBHt0Jg_QQWTikOp0FRJG3NVKYushaUZi_79jnzrd8gzrr_LX4_UWBfYjFKEtiopUshPwqoMvmWkO-AP2YgiCA/s275/download%20(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_4TWE48BlC9VH4tBcHJGvd46z9mVSydNpiqQq2JVkMP4vAnvNhBsROXVFYNhyTtMwap_IdTHCMPE4PQ38si-JwAOB3xVePTnaoiBHt0Jg_QQWTikOp0FRJG3NVKYushaUZi_79jnzrd8gzrr_LX4_UWBfYjFKEtiopUshPwqoMvmWkO-AP2YgiCA/s1600/download%20(3).jpg" width="275" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;">3.
Conscientiousness</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">:. </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Conscientiousness is a fundamental </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">personality</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> trait</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">. Those people possess </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Conscientiousness personality trait; they are reflecting the
tendency to be responsible, organized, hard-working, goal-directed, and to follow
to norms and rules. <o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Common features of this
dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and
goal-directed behaviors</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">, comprises self-control,
industriousness, responsibility, and reliability.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. Neuroticism</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">: </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Neuroticism,
is typically defined as a tendency toward </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">anxiety</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">, </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">depression</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">, self-doubt, and other negative feelings. Neuroticism is
sometimes described as low emotional stability or negative emotionality. Some
people are just much more neurotic than others. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0O6vcT6DU94xMEv_CNQHigUPIn_9JVFaltiIqmjFGoY2pFZmhl9NDwFRvCiqTS3fww3l6NMqiyI0QfXTCyAnFnxZIMXONZithpNiR7oAmAYMzS5gx6tCpkxhRebePWom3JgQCEP4ODFWJLNCIzAK1foB6pxtUMIxfnTbL2wUL1y-a7y1roYgKnE4/s1000/60a2a4e07bb6bb8ef5a539cf_41.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1000" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0O6vcT6DU94xMEv_CNQHigUPIn_9JVFaltiIqmjFGoY2pFZmhl9NDwFRvCiqTS3fww3l6NMqiyI0QfXTCyAnFnxZIMXONZithpNiR7oAmAYMzS5gx6tCpkxhRebePWom3JgQCEP4ODFWJLNCIzAK1foB6pxtUMIxfnTbL2wUL1y-a7y1roYgKnE4/s320/60a2a4e07bb6bb8ef5a539cf_41.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: #2c2d30; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">Some self-deprecating
comedians and complainers wear their neuroticism as a badge of honor, but in
truth, people with neurotic natures are more likely to to anxiety, mood
disorders, and additional unfavorable social and emotional outcomes.</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. Openness</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">: </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #212121; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">People who tend to be high in the trait of openness are more
willing to embrace new things, new adventures, experiences, creative endeavors,
fresh ideas, and novel experiences. They are </span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";">open-minded</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #212121; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"> and approach new things with curiosity
and tend to seek out novelty. They are also very good at thinking about and
making connections between different concepts and ideas.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #212121; font-family: georgia; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiArDPPCseboipcn5eWBSXdiJaYqpdfwzJnd1taLPZgEpY-3io6KoFdnT3dt-hmbwnniq_pOEXhfbPC8cenqaMKsiYhHOvxwylEPXJUH12vp2bJ_9sksO69_jrvR_-M0hWsuVNuzitSFeWHFh39LXnSucmpjrR2RWhP3cNo4x4HtSVfnRrdf9umKJTY/s1333/how-openness-influences-your-behavior-4796351_final-9707bf61a0e24ecfa1b5f92b6f005893.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1333" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiArDPPCseboipcn5eWBSXdiJaYqpdfwzJnd1taLPZgEpY-3io6KoFdnT3dt-hmbwnniq_pOEXhfbPC8cenqaMKsiYhHOvxwylEPXJUH12vp2bJ_9sksO69_jrvR_-M0hWsuVNuzitSFeWHFh39LXnSucmpjrR2RWhP3cNo4x4HtSVfnRrdf9umKJTY/s320/how-openness-influences-your-behavior-4796351_final-9707bf61a0e24ecfa1b5f92b6f005893.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #212121; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><br /></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT: </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Personality
development includes activities that improve awareness and identity, develop
talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability,
enhance quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and
aspirations. It involves formal and
informal activities that put people in the role of leaders, guides, teachers,
and managers for helping them realize their full potential. Hence, it can be
concluded that <span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the process of improving or transforming
the personality is called personality development. </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span><span face="Candara, sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow; color: red;">SIGNIFICANCE OR IMPORTANCE OF
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">The
scope of personality development is quite broad. It includes knowing how to
dress well, social graces, grooming, speech and interpersonal skills.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">The key benefits of developing your
personality include the following:</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">a. Confidence</span></span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: Personality development gives more
confidence to people. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you know you are appropriately attired
and groomed, this makes you less anxious when meeting a person. Knowing the
right things to say and how to conduct yourself will increase your confidence.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEg-_U7QzkfonZimHar_jl-vTU23EuLse8m_uDIAJsPqW7NvWVrm-mubIACUuU3xOcHGzmsf7eEF6eTuQcXQ7X59ddzn7yssOghuf7Kd6vwTWRzAl9Yd7VAIoP1hoj4kfbCfi0Pu6iDOMZmeiobvVbTMIA7dSgCyvxn3MpIjNUvHPc_46r9IWFUsz/s275/download%20(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEg-_U7QzkfonZimHar_jl-vTU23EuLse8m_uDIAJsPqW7NvWVrm-mubIACUuU3xOcHGzmsf7eEF6eTuQcXQ7X59ddzn7yssOghuf7Kd6vwTWRzAl9Yd7VAIoP1hoj4kfbCfi0Pu6iDOMZmeiobvVbTMIA7dSgCyvxn3MpIjNUvHPc_46r9IWFUsz/s1600/download%20(4).jpg" width="275" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;">b. Credibility</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: Personality
development makes people more credible. <o:p></o:p></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #474747; text-align: left;">Credibility is like trust, it takes a long time to build it and it can be lost in a moment. People want to believe in their leaders and have faith that they are the right people to follow. Personal and professional credibility is at the basis of this faith. Personal credibility consists of hon</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;">c. Interaction</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: Personality
development encourages people to interact with others. <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; text-align: left;">Social relationships are important ingredients of life.</span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;">d. Leading and Motivating</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: Personality
development enhances the capacity to lead and motivate. A person with a winning
personality will be able to motivate better. People are less likely to get
bored. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;">e. Curiosity</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: A single wrong word
can destroy human relationship. Knowing the right things to say shows both
respect and intellectual sophistication. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;">f. Communication skills</span><span face=""Candara",sans-serif">: Verbal communication skills are also part of
personality development; improving your speech will strengthen the impact of
your message. Most of the people
you see as models of great personality have taken a lot of effort in developing
their natural features. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Candara",sans-serif" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><p></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4874643415262278560.post-30215499660781229402022-10-31T23:42:00.003-07:002022-10-31T23:42:38.893-07:00Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development<p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2NZT2e5NQwKa_cv69s-VYxcEYoDeRHJXI5XjUkH4sd9EnVyEPDZXuuG15__Y9iED2RUOKqp8p-Np8AocQ-DVEaXjNEb1j_8fsSh4BOP4P4LF7VeXimb5-IyOvcF_T_vA5J8qgiHFd5GTtz9iH6pA71Zm7oE-sCfwASv9-KVaFS8EQ6VZ_b02NGo76/s400/Portrait-Sigmund-Freud-1921.webp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2NZT2e5NQwKa_cv69s-VYxcEYoDeRHJXI5XjUkH4sd9EnVyEPDZXuuG15__Y9iED2RUOKqp8p-Np8AocQ-DVEaXjNEb1j_8fsSh4BOP4P4LF7VeXimb5-IyOvcF_T_vA5J8qgiHFd5GTtz9iH6pA71Zm7oE-sCfwASv9-KVaFS8EQ6VZ_b02NGo76/w400-h300/Portrait-Sigmund-Freud-1921.webp" width="400" /></a></span></div><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br />Psychologist Sigmund Freud’s model of sexual development proposes a series of stages in which people grow and mature. The pleasure sought by your inborn instincts is focused on sexual desire and gratification, through proper stimulation of each erogenous zone.</span><p></p><p><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">According to Freud, every “healthy” child evolves through five different stages:</span></p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); text-align: left;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 1.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 28px; width: 633.484px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here are the stages by ages:</span></p></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">Oral:</span> Birth to 18 months</span></li><li><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bolder;">Anal:</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> 18 months to 3 years</span></li><li><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bolder;">Phallic: </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">3 years to 8 years</span></li><li><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bolder;">Latency:</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> 7 to 8 years to puberty</span></li><li><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bolder;">Genital:</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> Puberty to adulthood</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="resolving-conflict" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; font-weight: 700; outline-width: 0px;"></a></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Each stage is associated with a specific part of the body, or more specifically, erogenous zone. Each zone is a source of pleasure and conflict during its respective stage. “A child’s ability to resolve that conflict determines whether or not they were able to move onto the next stage,” </span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"></p><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #231f20; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 45px; position: relative;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="oral-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;">The oral stage</span></a></div></h2><blockquote class="css-pc7ote" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(240, 83, 58); border-right-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-top-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 26px 30px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtIdrno-7PZd3afzejRvjThHA2IU_CGzGJ5bCSoTNhcw5RqPW9TQbBen953q4U7rQy1xO6fwWSlZrchtf4MGrVMILEw_K87bAgFDSYtZqo8C5vbLwLJz8afw29ZEQXH5dlDCFX9GS1COVPM0Kamk-l_CU7Mehq1OKQwdyfkd7Xi2W-rkwqzwVHgXYV/s1060/oral_stage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="1060" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtIdrno-7PZd3afzejRvjThHA2IU_CGzGJ5bCSoTNhcw5RqPW9TQbBen953q4U7rQy1xO6fwWSlZrchtf4MGrVMILEw_K87bAgFDSYtZqo8C5vbLwLJz8afw29ZEQXH5dlDCFX9GS1COVPM0Kamk-l_CU7Mehq1OKQwdyfkd7Xi2W-rkwqzwVHgXYV/w350-h257/oral_stage.jpg" width="350" /></a></div><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Age range:</span> Birth to 1 year</span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Erogenous zone: </span>The mouth</span></li></ul></blockquote><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black;">The </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">oral stage</i><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black;"> is Freud’s first stage of personality development. From birth until about 18 months of age, an infant’s life centers on his mouth. The main task of this stage is to satisfy oral desire by stimulating the erogenous zone of the mouth. Infants are born with a very well-developed sense of taste, and their mouths are the most sophisticated tools they have to explore their world.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Freud’s theory says that things like excessive gum chomping, nail biting, and thumb-sucking are rooted in too little or too much oral gratification as a child.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">“Overeating, overconsumption of alcohol, and smoking are also said to be rooted in poor development of this first stage,” she says.</span></p><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #231f20; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 45px; position: relative;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="anal-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">The anal stage</span></a></div><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="anal-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="anal-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"></a></div></div></h2><blockquote class="css-pc7ote" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(240, 83, 58); border-right-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-top-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 26px 30px;"><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvpOErJo2iVmy3cGc8UjATLLA-fup05KAKURdMEt4mkLqjnU8NfHNvkNRqzIymOefhB40lpE1NgDuGtVVGk0JkxKExHLXKxLz7IdGclsNyPi1QRfT4eWa05LU2psB1V5x7fQOnr4nga3spIcaICRaQLxJ_70U6xVrTZHyDeCt2cDKcjL_ZbRdJpL6T/s1280/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvpOErJo2iVmy3cGc8UjATLLA-fup05KAKURdMEt4mkLqjnU8NfHNvkNRqzIymOefhB40lpE1NgDuGtVVGk0JkxKExHLXKxLz7IdGclsNyPi1QRfT4eWa05LU2psB1V5x7fQOnr4nga3spIcaICRaQLxJ_70U6xVrTZHyDeCt2cDKcjL_ZbRdJpL6T/s320/maxresdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Age range: </span>1 to 3 years old</span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Erogenous zone:</span> anus and bladder</span></li></ul></blockquote><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> <span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">Freud’s second stage of personality development is all about the erogenous focus of the </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">anal stage</i><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">.. </span>The theory says that how a parent approaches the toilet training process influences how someone interacts with authority as they get older.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="phallic-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; outline-width: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">The phallic stage</span></a></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="phallic-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; outline-width: 0px;"></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESxv_zH9AXdrKfLXDN_eaVzG7ByB3EtEq2aspAoUJoDxMZJ40HiAq943ZXGSzLHp8LhRVO8oHGNuvBMMXCAwPASmtptQeUQGxRvtPkMfXHsBJqsAHezgVnrws_1DYOmEQhmSwHx5YPjAOrG8Qs6ESmYXFFOF1khgUNvINzERaPQS2cn4jLp4-kd8H/s1024/Scene-8-1024x574.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="1024" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESxv_zH9AXdrKfLXDN_eaVzG7ByB3EtEq2aspAoUJoDxMZJ40HiAq943ZXGSzLHp8LhRVO8oHGNuvBMMXCAwPASmtptQeUQGxRvtPkMfXHsBJqsAHezgVnrws_1DYOmEQhmSwHx5YPjAOrG8Qs6ESmYXFFOF1khgUNvINzERaPQS2cn4jLp4-kd8H/s320/Scene-8-1024x574.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote class="css-pc7ote" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(240, 83, 58); border-right-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-top-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 26px 30px;"><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Age range: </span>3 to 6 years old</span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Erogenous zone:</span> genitals, specifically the penis</span></li></ul></blockquote><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black;">Freud comes up with his third stage: the</span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black;"> phallic stage.</i><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black;"> The 3- to 5-year-old child is focused on the erogenous stimulation of the genital area. </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">The need for satisfaction soon turns toward our parents, typically the parent of the opposite sex. As sexual satisfaction expands, a child finds himself within the realm of one of Freud’s most controversial and strange contributions to the study of personality,</span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">For young girls, this meant fixation on the fact that they don’t have a penis, an experience he called “penis envy.”</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">According to Freud, boys eventually decide to become their fathers — through imitation — rather than fighting them.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Freud called this “identification” and believed it was ultimately how the Oedipus complex got resolved.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Positive relational experiences</span>:</span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">the discovery of the sexual differences and the newly found interest for this problem open un a new stage in the process of adult identification. If in the last stages of psychosexual development, the <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">identification</span> was only <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">primary</span>, based on the fusion with the model (usually, the mother), now we can move on to the <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">structured identification</span>. The Ego and the Superego are consolidated using the model given by the same sex parent, trying to conquer the libidinal object (the opposite sex parent).</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">the conditions and components of a structured identification are: cognitive aspects (the perception of similarity), affective aspects (empathy towards the model), volitional (wants to resemble the model) and pragmatic aspects (imitating or adopting the behaviour of the model).</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">the last phase of identification occurs after puberty and it’s called independent identification because the model is followed being guided by personal experiences.</span></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Possible</b></span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> negative consequences</span>: </span></p><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">traumatizing experiences that block the change to structured identification (maltreatment, abuse) can cause the fixation of the complexes Oedipus or Electra which favorize the apparition of dysfunctions in the development of the sexual identity and in couple relationships.</span></li></ul><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #231f20; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 45px; position: relative;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="latency-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">The latency stage</span></a></div></h2><blockquote class="css-pc7ote" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(240, 83, 58); border-right-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-top-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 26px 30px;"><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Age range: </span>7 to 10 years old, or elementary school through preadolescence</span></li></ul></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi6rFE3G3BK6oi-uab86VJIv7noaPLUCG1aB2pSNG0bnuCxyuImt9U7fMjelo2fRsmUtr_np_ICgfp_PG7etAwRVrTRGz3QVuhExDNyxm9W0N_pNr1NjxNuBHn34_Ehz1ACI1GuaeRteSl8gB1SUekzJYg26gcGukAH-OKDgFUg6yXNfAEudjiF9Qr/s1280/maxresdefault%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi6rFE3G3BK6oi-uab86VJIv7noaPLUCG1aB2pSNG0bnuCxyuImt9U7fMjelo2fRsmUtr_np_ICgfp_PG7etAwRVrTRGz3QVuhExDNyxm9W0N_pNr1NjxNuBHn34_Ehz1ACI1GuaeRteSl8gB1SUekzJYg26gcGukAH-OKDgFUg6yXNfAEudjiF9Qr/w400-h225/maxresdefault%20(1).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">With successful resolution of the conflicts of each previous stage, children enter into a more quiet time of psychosexual development called </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">latency.</i><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> The libido loosens its grip on the personality, and sexual impulses cease to dominate. Kids find more freedom to explore and expand on the skills they’ve gained from each subsequent stage.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 28px; width: 633.484px;"></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">Latency lasts from about six years old until puberty. Things cool down, so to speak.</span>”</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Freud argued that this is when sexual energy was channeled into industrious, asexual activities like learning, hobbies, and social relationships.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">He felt that this stage is when people develop healthy social and communication skills.He believed failure to move through this stage could result in lifelong immaturity, or the inability to have and maintain happy, healthy, and fulfilling sexual and non-sexual relationships as an adult.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Positive relational experiences</span>:</span></p><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">During this stage, the superego continues to develop while the id’s energies are suppressed. Children develop social skills, values and relationships with peers and adults outside of the family.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies, and other interests.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy repressed or dormant. This energy is still present, but it is sublimated into other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions. This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-confidence.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The hibernating libido gives rise to an increased interest to other activities that bring pleasure, other than sexual related. There is a marked decrease in interests regarding sexuality and these themes are viewed as taboo.</span></li></ul><div><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Possible negative consequences</span>:</span></p><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As with the other psychosexual stages, Freud believed that it was possible for children to become fixated or “stuck” in this phase. Fixation at this stage can result in immaturity and an inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult.</span></li></ul></div><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #231f20; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 45px; position: relative;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="chartbeat-section" name="genital-stage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">The genital stage</span></a></div></h2><blockquote class="css-pc7ote" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(240, 83, 58); border-right-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); border-top-color: rgb(240, 83, 58); box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; line-height: 26px; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 26px 30px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcZxkWZjK4TIUnlQJLrLS73rN4jOZ5FeUS01K8ZWzArbpB7iYSjwSGTkPNJNfCdh3irDZqJ7ubgbEZTk6casAxbM1ocwdAwayOmgyrjfG8m6s0EqqAf8cf5PsttMgZel26oz-nMVQ0uA8p4f7BmzW0vPCwVP8GMveU7fJTQLvq7COv5cyU6GKY7g_m/s720/image-15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcZxkWZjK4TIUnlQJLrLS73rN4jOZ5FeUS01K8ZWzArbpB7iYSjwSGTkPNJNfCdh3irDZqJ7ubgbEZTk6casAxbM1ocwdAwayOmgyrjfG8m6s0EqqAf8cf5PsttMgZel26oz-nMVQ0uA8p4f7BmzW0vPCwVP8GMveU7fJTQLvq7COv5cyU6GKY7g_m/w432-h324/image-15.jpg" width="432" /></a></div><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23EC1C82'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Age range: </span>12 and up, or puberty until death</span></li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bolder;">Erogenous zone:</span> genitals</span></li></ul></blockquote><p><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The last stage in this theory begins at puberty . According to Freud, this is when an individual begins to have strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. </span><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #231f20; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The self-centered pleasure-seeking child of earlier stages gives way to a more mature form of satisfaction.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 28px; width: 633.484px;"></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 28px; width: 633.484px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A concern for the pleasure of others begins to shape the direction of psychosexual development, and the child is now open to learning how to engage in mutually satisfying love relationships.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 28px; width: 633.484px;"><span style="background-color: #f2f2f2; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Freud never proposed that all people reach this point of full maturity. It’s more like an ideal, something to strive for, a lifelong project.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: #231f20; font-family: "Proxima Nova", "Proxima Nova Fallback", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-top: 25px;"><br /></p>J.P Josephine Babahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18263401024734306287noreply@blogger.com0